The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of novel flame-retardant paper, and provides high-strength packaging flame-retardant paper and a preparing method thereof. The method includes mixing magnesium sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol fibers in water, then adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixture, reacting the mixture to obtain a magnesium hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite sol, then adding polyurethane into the composite sol to perform a grafting reaction to obtain a composite flame-retardant filler, finally mixing the composite flame-retardant filler with paper pulp, and manufacturing the high-strength packaging flame-retardant paper from the pulp mixture. Compared with traditional methods, magnesium hydroxide is adopted as the flame-retardant filler and has extremely good flame retardance, smoke suppression, acid resistance, a filling function, and other functions, the flame-retardant filler and paper fibers are fully combined, the paper has excellent toughness and mechanical properties, a whole preparing process is simple, low in energy consumption and low in equipment wear, and large-scale production can be achieved.