The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for identifying and determining stratum characteristics by using shield real-time tunneling parameters. The method comprises the steps of 1, collecting an investigation report before shield tunnel construction, and carrying out the pre-classification of stratum conditions, and meanwhile, carrying out blank value and abnormal value removal processing, smoothness processing, FPI and TPI index secondary conversion and standardization processing on the parameters collected by a shield tunneling machine in real time; 2, drawing the processed indexes into a two-dimensional plane graph, judging whether a new stratum type is generated or not, and updating the number of the stratum types to be K; and 3, standardizing parameters, inputting the standardized parameters into a K-Means algorithm, selecting K clustering centers, dividing the stratum types according to a shortest distance method, recalculating the position of a center point of the divided type, calculating a square error and enabling the square error to be minimum, and finally outputting the stratum type determined by the corresponding parameters. According to the method, the stratum types penetrated by the shield tunneling machine can be effectively determined, the tunneling parameter setting of the shield tunneling machine is guided, and the shield tunneling safety is improved.