The invention discloses a satellite mobile communication terminal user identification and authentication method. The mobile communication terminal is based on a Beidou satellite system. The test method comprises the authentication mechanism and the encryption mechanism, wherein the authentication mechanism comprises the following steps: a public key is sent by a sender to a receiver, and a private key is saved by the sender; encryption is performed on data by the sender with the private key, and signed data is added; and verification and authentication are performed on the data by the receiver with the public key of the sender, and decryption is performed after the authentication is successful to obtain the data; and the encryption mechanism comprises the following steps: the public key is sent by the sender to the receiver, and the private key is saved by the sender; encryption is performed on data by the sender with the private key, and complete content is added; and decryption is performed on the data by the receiver with the public key, and after the authentication is successful, the data integrity is verified. The method of the invention can be used to effectively prevent various phenomenons, such as stealing calling, embezzlement, secret divulging, etc., in which mobile communication resources and services are used illegally in satellite mobile communication, and ensure satellite mobile communication network safety and ensure the legitimate rights and interests of satellite mobile communication operators and users.