The invention provides a method and a device for determining the contact condition of a circular cutting edge tool based on cutting force. The method comprises the following steps of step 1, establishing a geometric model of a dead zone in the cutting process of the circular cutting edge tool, describing contact behavior and contact nodes at a circular cutting edge; step 1-1, in the cutting process of the circular cutting edge tool, describing the complete plowing process and establishing the geometric model of the dead zone; Steps 1-2, determining the positions of the key contact nodes S1 andS3; steps 1-3, determining the contact characteristics at the contact node S2; Step 2, establishing a cutting force model based on the contact behavior; step 2-1, establishing a contact stress distribution model based on contact nodes; steps 2-2, establishing a cutting force model based on contact stress; step 3, determining unknown parameters of the cutting model based on the cutting force data;and step 3, determining unknown parameters of the cutting model based on the cutting force data. The method and the device solve the problem that the cutting force model ignores the cutting edge radius, and can accurately and effectively determine the real contact condition of the circular cutting edge tool.