The invention discloses an ultra-high-definition video layered coding and decoding method supporting efficient editing. The method comprises the following steps: S11, carrying out image scaling reversible transformation on an original
code rate video to separate detail components; S12, coding the component A to generate a basic layer code
stream; S13, decoding the basic layer code
stream generated in the step S12, and performing subtraction on the basic layer code
stream and the component A before coding frame by frame and pixel by pixel to obtain residual data of the component A; S14, carrying out quantization
processing on the residual data of the component A in the S13 and the detail components decomposed in the S11, and then carrying out entropy coding; S15, packaging the basic layer code stream generated in the step S12 and the enhancement layer code stream spliced in the step S14 into a mov format file and the like; and S16, decoding, wherein the step comprises a basic layer code stream decoding process, a source picture
video decoding process and the like. The method is oriented to ultra-high-definition videos, and the problem that performance is insufficient due to original
code rate editing and proxy
code rate editing under a common encoding and decoding method is solved.