The invention relates to a chain tension adjusting device of a rear derailleur for a bicycle. The chain tension adjusting device is characterized by comprising a base, a tension adjusting mechanism, a tension transmission assembly and a radial pressure control assembly, wherein the base is provided with an inner cavity for containing the tension adjusting mechanism; the tension adjusting mechanism comprises a rotary shaft which is rotationally arranged in the base, one end of the tension adjusting mechanism is fixed to a chain guiding component, and the other end of the tension adjusting mechanism is pivoted to the interior of the base; one end of the tension transmission assembly is limited in the base, and the other end of the tension transmission assembly acts on the chain guiding component; the radial pressure control assembly presses the rotary shaft in the radial direction; and the first swing direction and the second swing direction are around the axis of the rotary shaft and are opposite. The chain tension adjusting device has the effects that the chain guiding component swings within a certain range, tension is adjusted to be proper, when the adjusting force on the tension transmission assembly and the tension of a chain are balanced, the chain guiding component is relatively fixed to one position, the situation that the chain guiding component is affected by vibration and accordingly swings in the second swing direction is avoided, the tension of the chain is fixed, and the chain is prevented from being disengaged.