The invention discloses rapid packaging equipment for a cylindrical lithium ion battery. The rapid packaging equipment comprises a vertical rod, a base and a placement disc, supporting columns are installed on the two sides of the bottom end of the base, a cavity is formed in the top end in the base, the placement disc is installed at the top end of the base, limiting grooves are evenly formed in the top end of the placement disc, a connecting plate is installed at the bottom end of the placement disc, a rotating mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting plate, vertical rods are installed on the two sides of the placement disc, the bottom ends of the vertical rods are fixed to the base, a cross beam is installed at the top ends of the vertical rods, a hydraulic air cylinder is installed at the top end of the cross beam, a connecting block is installed at the bottom end of the hydraulic air cylinder, and a pressing head is installed at the bottom end of the connecting block. The fixing air cylinder is installed at the bottom end of one side of the vertical rod, when the limiting groove rotates to the position under the pressing head, the fixing air cylinder is started, so that the clamping plates can clamp lithium ion batteries of different sizes, and the phenomena of stress deviation and shaking during packaging of the lithium ion batteries are prevented.