The invention discloses a precise punching mechanism of a building board. The precise punching mechanism comprises a bottom board, a rectangular opening is arranged in the middle of the bottom board,and an U-shaped mounting board is arranged between two sliding bases, two pressing air cylinders are arranged at the upper end of a cross board of the U-shaped mounting board, pressure heads are welded and fixed at the lower ends of pressing shafts, positioning air cylinders are fixedly arranged in a rectangular notch, and the lower ends of the output ends of the positioning air cylinders are fixedly connected with metal pressing pieces, a pushing air cylinder is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper end of a guide board, and a measuring board is fixed on the side, facing a side baffle, ofa rectangular frame board. According to the precise punching mechanism of the building board, pushing, positioning and pressing are achieved through the air cylinder, and semi-automatic operation isachieved, a lot of labor and manpower are saved in the construction site, punching and positioning are achieved through displacement of the mechanism and observation of the scale error, the error canbe reduced, the hole opening is more accurate, the hole opening speed can be increased, and the working efficiency can be improved.