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46 results about "Allotropy" patented technology
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Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other', and τρόπος (tropos), meaning 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element; the atoms of the element are bonded together in a different manner. For example, the allotropes of carbon include diamond (the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement), graphite (the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice), graphene (single sheets of graphite), and fullerenes (the carbon atoms are bonded together in spherical, tubular, or ellipsoidal formations). The term allotropy is used for elements only, not for compounds. The more general term, used for any crystalline material, is polymorphism. Allotropy refers only to different forms of an element within the same phase (i.e.: solid, liquid or gas states); differences in these states alone would not constitute examples of allotropy.
Method for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping
ActiveUS12359136B2Treatment with plural serial stages onlyGaseous mixture working upEnvironmental engineeringCarbon allotrope
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
Owner:LYTEN INC
Active oxygen scavenger, method for eliminating active oxygen, and method for producing active oxygen scavenger
The invention provides a novel active oxygen scavenger with suppressed oxidizing power. The active oxygen scavenger of the present disclosure is characterized by being manufactured by processing an active oxygen scavenger comprising an alcohol ozone-treated with an oxygen allotrope-containing gas.
Owner:MEDIPLUS PHARMA INC
Monolithic wafer-like cathode synergically grown from poly-crystalline and amorphous glass-like domains and method of producing thereof
PendingUS20250243604A1Polycrystalline material growthFrom normal temperature solutionsEndcappingWafering
A method for preparing a chalcogenide / sulfur cathode for an alkali metal secondary battery, where sulfur and / or other chalcogenide and / or mixtures represents both active mass and removable template / porogen, where the content of active mass is defined by the glassy sulfur and porosity is dictated by the crystalline phase template, with the steps of growing a chalcogenide / sulfur wafer, comprising tailored content of glass / polymeric and crystalline allotropes, having a specific presence / gradients / areal distribution of crystalline to glassy / polymeric allotropes, and removing the crystalline allotropes-template / porogen of chalcogenide / sulfur from the chalcogenide / sulfur glass-crystalline wafer by immersion in a solvent, creating a defined porosity within the wafer by etching crystalline phase out from glass-crystalline wafer-like cathode and leaving 3D glassy / polymeric chalcogenide / sulfur in a further incubation stage due the meta-stability of glass / polymer allotrope transition into gamma monoclinic sulfur with trace amounts of glass / polymer allotropes is created, crosslinked with graphene based and or other suitable co-monomer(s) or capping agents.
Owner:THEION GMBH
Composite materials for anti-ballistic applications and methods of fabrication thereof
A composite material, methods for its fabrication and example applications. The composite material comprises a polymer having a carbon allotrope incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The material is characterized by a crystallinity greater than the native crystallinity of the polymer in the absence of the carbon allotrope being incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The composite material is non-laminate, substantially excludes metals, ceramics, and cermets, and is electrically conductive. The carbon allotrope serves as a bridge between a first region of the polymer and a second region of the polymer. The fabrication method involves mixing a powder of polymer and carbon allotrope particles, suspending the powder in a solvent, spinning the solution into fibers, and drawing the fibers into a composite material. Applications include collecting data responsive to stimulating the composite material, comparing the data to thresholds, determining the material's condition, and transmitting a decision regarding its continued use.
Owner:LYTEN INC
Negative electrode precursor, negative electrode precursor laminate, negative electrode structure, secondary battery, and method for manufacturing negative electrode precursor
PCT designated stageWO2026105870A1Electrode manufacturing processesElectrical batteryCarbon allotrope
A negative electrode precursor for manufacturing a negative electrode having a high utilization rate of a negative electrode active material. A negative electrode precursor to be applied to manufacturing of a negative electrode for a secondary battery, the negative electrode precursor comprising a resin substrate and a particle layer held by the resin substrate, wherein the particle layer includes first particles containing a carbon allotrope and exhibiting conductivity, and second particles containing a material capable of alloying with lithium, and an arrangement of at least one of the first particles and the second particles has a pattern structure having periodicity in a predetermined direction within the particle layer.
Owner:CANON KK +1
A diaphragm, a multi-layer composite membrane structure, a sensor and a microphone
The present invention discloses a diaphragm, a multilayer composite membrane structure, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor and a microphone, wherein the diaphragm includes graphite and / or other allotropes of carbon, and inside the diaphragm, a portion of the graphite has a first characteristic, the first characteristic being that the two-dimensional flaky carbon grain structure in the diaphragm is unfolded in the vibration direction of the diaphragm or the force-bearing direction of the diaphragm and the unfolding direction of the two-dimensional flaky carbon grain structure is perpendicular to the movement direction of the diaphragm, the graphite in the diaphragm has a low porosity characteristic, and the apparent density of the graphite in the diaphragm is between 1.5 g / cm³ and 2.2 g / cm³.
Owner:SHENZHEN JINGYANG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Rapid and non-destructive in-SITU formation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials and the methods of production thereof
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods of producing carbon-nitrogen allotrope nanomaterials. More specifically, the methods of the present disclosure utilize nitrogen-containing compounds as a feedstock for nitrogen doped carbon nanomaterial production. In some embodiments, a method for forming carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials includes mixing a nitrogen-rich feedstock, carbon-based feedstock, and a catalyst to form a feed solution. The method further includes injecting the feed solution into a carrier gas stream and into a heated reaction vessel. The heated reaction vessel includes a first zone and a second zone. The method further includes heating the feed solution within the first zone at a first temperature. The method further includes heating the feed solution within the second zone at a second temperature to form the carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials. The method further includes removing the carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials from the heated reaction vessel.
Owner:TRIMTABS LTD
Allotrope of carbon having increased electron delocalization
Anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, electronic devices, batteries, capacitors, lubricants, coatings and paints, each containing a newly discovered allotrope of carbon having a multilayered nanocarbon array, and which exhibits, among other properties, exceptional stability, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic frequency (emf) attenuation characteristics. Members of this new allotrope include nanocarbon structures possessing vast electron delocalization in multiple directions, unavailable to known fullerene-characterized materials like carbon nano-onions (CNOs), multiwalled carbon nano-tubes (MWNTs), graphene, carbon nano-horns, and carbon nano-ellipsoids. Such stabilizing electron delocalization crosses or proceeds between layers, as well as along layers, in multiple directions within a continuous cyclic structure having an advanced interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array, apart from incidental defects.
Owner:STRUCTURED NANO CARBON LLC
Printing process using particles of non-amorphous carbon allotropes
PendingUS20250196510A1Ink ribbon cartridgesVacuum evaporation coatingCarbon nanotubeGraphite particle
The invention is directed to a printing process in which a substrate to be printed is disposed opposite an ink carrier having a liquid ink layer and the liquid ink layer is irradiated regionally, wherein the liquid ink layer comprises a liquid and carbon containing particles X dispersed in the liquid, where said carbon containing particles X are present as carbon nanotube particles, graphite particles and / or structural analogue particles of graphite selected from the group consisting of graphene particles, graphene oxide particles, graphite oxide particles, fullerene particles and particles of graphite intercalation compounds.
Owner:DOTLINE GMBH
Nitrogen allotropes, their production, and use as high-energy density materials
Provided are nitrogen allotropes, their synthesis apparatus setups, and their application as high energy density materials. Methods for their preparation are also provided.
Owner:JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIV GIESSEN
Wettability modification of carbon allotropes and wettability-modified carbon allotropes thereby
PendingCN121889342ASolution to short lifeHigh capacitanceHybrid capacitor electrolytesCarbon compoundsCarbon allotropeHydrophobe
The present invention relates to a method for modifying the wettability of a carbon allotrope, comprising the steps of: preparing a carbon allotrope; a step for preparing a solvent capable of inducing the generation of hydrophilic radicals or hydrophobic radicals; a step for bringing the carbon allotrope into contact with the solvent; a step of supplying energy to the solvent using an energy supply source; and a step of generating a hydrophilic radical or a hydrophobic radical of the solvent by the energy supplied to the solvent, the generated radical being bonded to the end of the carbon allotrope.
Owner:POSTECH ACADEMY INDUSTRY FOUNDATION
Method for calculating electronic structure and optical property of low-dimensional carbon structure allotrope
PendingCN119400305AImprove forecast accuracySimulation is accurateDesign optimisation/simulationComputational materials scienceDielectricElectronic structure
The invention relates to the technical field of condensed state physics and nano materials, in particular to a method for calculating the electronic structure and optical property of a low-dimensional carbon structure allotrope, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a ground state electronic structure of the low-dimensional carbon structure allotrope, and obtaining an original expression of a dielectric shielding effect based on the ground state electronic structure; decomposing the original expression of the dielectric shielding effect into the sum of a nanobelt contribution value and a substrate contribution value, and performing simplification and approximation processing to obtain a corrected dielectric shielding effect expression; obtaining a dielectric constant matrix by using the corrected dielectric shielding effect expression under the condition of considering that the valence band state and the conduction band state have a hybridization effect; according to the dielectric constant matrix, the band gap width and the electronic structure characteristic of the nanobelt are solved; based on the electronic structural characteristics, optical properties of the low-dimensional carbon allotropes are predicted. By utilizing the method, the low-dimensional material with excellent optical performance can be quickly screened out.
Owner:SUZHOU CITY UNIV
Laminated material, method for producing a laminated material, and use of a dopant for reducing degradation
PendingCN121224269ATransparent/reflecting heating arrangementsSynthetic resin layered productsDopantCarbon allotrope
The invention relates to a laminate (1). The laminate (1) comprises a first layer (11) comprising at least one carbon allotrope and a dopant. The laminate (1) comprises a second layer (12) comprising an organic material. The concentration of the dopant in the first layer (11) is 25 to 1000 nmol / cm based on the surface area of the first layer (11). The invention also relates to a method for producing a laminate (1). The method comprises providing a first layer (11) comprising at least one carbon allotrope and a dopant. The method comprises providing a second layer (12) comprising an organic material. The concentration of the dopant in the first layer (11) is 25 to 1000 nmol / cm. The invention also relates to the use of a dopant at a concentration of 25 to 1000 nmol / cm for reducing the degradation of a laminate.
Owner:CANATU OY
Laminate, method for producing laminate, and use of dopant for reducing degradation of laminate
PendingEP4670968A1Transparent/reflecting heating arrangementsSynthetic resin layered productsDopantPolymer science
The disclosure relates to a laminate (1). The laminate (1) comprises a first layer (11) comprising at least one allotrope of carbon and a dopant. The laminate (1) comprises a second layer (12) comprising organic material. The concentration of dopant in the first layer (11) is 25 to 1000 nmol / cm2, based on the surface area of the first layer (11). The disclosure relates also to a method for producing a laminate (1). The method comprises providing a first layer (11) comprising at least one allotrope of carbon and a dopant. The method comprises providing a second layer (12) comprising organic material. The concentration of dopant in the first layer (11) is 25 to 1000 nmol / cm2. The disclosure relates also to the use of a dopant in a concentration of 25 to 1000 nmol / cm2 for reducing degradation of a laminate.
Owner:CANATU FINLAND OY
Rapid and non-destructive in-situ formation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials and the methods of production thereof
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods of producing carbon-nitrogen allotrope nanomaterials. More specifically, the methods of the present disclosure utilize nitrogen-containing compounds as a feedstock for nitrogen doped carbon nanomaterial production. In some embodiments, a method for forming carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials includes mixing a nitrogen-rich feedstock, carbon-based feedstock, and a catalyst to form a feed solution. The method further includes injecting the feed solution into a carrier gas stream and into a heated reaction vessel. The heated reaction vessel includes a first zone and a second zone. The method further includes heating the feed solution within the first zone at a first temperature. The method further includes heating the feed solution within the second zone at a second temperature to form the carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials. The method further includes removing the carbon-nitrogen nanomaterials from the heated reaction vessel.
Owner:TRIMTABS LTD
Hydrogen storage material
Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may be used an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.
Owner:THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Substrate processing device, substrate processing method and semiconductor manufacturing method
The present invention provides a substrate processing device, a substrate processing method and a semiconductor manufacturing method. The substrate processing device includes a substrate holding part, a chamber, a first gas supply part, a second gas supply part and a control part. The chamber includes a side wall part and a top wall part, which accommodate the substrate holding part. The first gas supply part is arranged on the top wall part, and supplies the first gas toward the side where the substrate holding part is located. The second gas supply part is accommodated in the chamber, and supplies the second gas into the chamber. The control part controls the first gas supply part (13) and the second gas supply part (41). The second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen. The second gas supply part includes an air supply port part. The air supply port part is located at a position higher in the vertical direction than the holding position of the substrate holding part for the substrate, and is located at a position higher in the horizontal direction than the substrate holding part.
Owner:SCREEN HOLDINGS CO LTD
Transfer member for forming negative electrode, negative electrode structure, and manufacturing method for the same
PendingJP2025145399AElectrode manufacturing processesFinal product manufactureElectrical batteryCarbon allotrope
To provide a transfer member for forming a negative electrode, a negative electrode structure using the transfer member, an electrode, a secondary battery, and a manufacturing method for the same, in which the adhesion of a carbon-containing layer is ensured during handling when forming an electrode having a carbon-containing layer, and the transferability of the carbon-containing layer onto a current collector or a solid electrolyte layer, which are transfer targets, is excellent.SOLUTION: A transfer member for forming a negative electrode for application to a secondary battery transfers a carbon-containing layer onto a transferred body. The transfer member for forming a negative electrode includes a substrate having a first linear expansion coefficient, and a carbon-containing layer including a conductive carbon allotrope and having a second linear expansion coefficient. The absolute value of the difference between the second linear expansion coefficient and the first linear expansion coefficient is 10.0×10-6K-1 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Owner:CANON KK
Purification method of nanoparticle, nanoparticle composition, and manufacturing method of nanoparticle composition
A method includes a step of preparing a nanoparticle that has a perovskite-type crystal structure as an allotrope and includes multiple crystal structures, a step of preparing a ligand solution containing a solvent that has a relative dielectric constant of a prescribed value or less and an associative ligand that includes a main chain having a plurality of carbon atoms and a polar group having a higher polarity than the main chain and self-associates in the solvent, and a step of preparing a nanoparticle dispersion by bringing the nanoparticle and the ligand solution into contact with each other, wherein the step of preparing a nanoparticle dispersion includes a step of selectively increasing the ratio of the content of a prescribed crystal structure in the multiple crystal structures.
Owner:CANON KK
Negative electrode structure, secondary battery, and method for manufacturing same
PCT designated stageWO2025197954A1Final product manufactureNon-aqueous electrolyte accumulator electrodesElectrical batteryInorganic materials
Provided are: a negative electrode structure having excellent ion conductivity between a negative electrode containing carbon and an oxide-based solid electrolyte layer; a secondary battery capable of operating at room temperature using the negative electrode structure; and methods for manufacturing the negative electrode structure and the secondary battery. The negative electrode structure is characterized by comprising: a negative electrode including an allotrope of carbon having conductivity; an electrolyte layer including an oxide-based solid electrolyte; an intermediate layer disposed between the negative electrode and the electrolyte layer and including at least one among an inorganic material and a lithium alloy that are alloyed with lithium; and a protective layer bonded to the negative electrode on a surface of the negative electrode opposite to a surface in contact with the intermediate layer, wherein an absolute value of a difference between a first linear expansion coefficient of the protective layer and a second linear expansion coefficient of the negative electrode is 10.0×10-6K-1 or less.
Owner:CANON KK
Hydrogen storage material
Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may use an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.
Owner:THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
Removal of airborne oxides and conversion of compounds into elemental species in gases
PendingCN119789900AGas treatmentWater/sewage treatment by electrochemical methodsEnvironmental engineeringAllotropy
An apparatus, system, and method are described in which particles and / or oxides are removed from a fluid medium in which at least some of the oxides are converted into elemental and / or allotrope species and can be collected for further application.
Owner:RAIN CAGE CARBON INC
Method for densification of powdered material using thermal cycling and magnetic cycling
A method for densifying a material includes arranging the material in a cavity of a mold and applying pressure to the material in the mold. While applying pressure to the material in the mold, a magnetic field is applied to the material in the mold to cause the material to transform between a first allotrope phase and a second allotrope phase. Applying the magnetic field to the material includes magnetic cycling, which includes one or more iterations of adjusting the magnetic field to a first strength, and then adjusting the magnetic field to a second strength. The method includes determining a density of the material during the magnetic cycling and, responsive to determination that the determined density reaches a threshold density, stopping the magnetic cycling.
Owner:TEMPER IP LLC
High-speed cell culture substrate suitable for sterilization and cell separation processes
PendingUS20250368935A1Bioreactor/fermenter combinationsBiological substance pretreatmentsDiamond-like carbonCell culture media
Proposed is a cell culture substrate suitable for sterilization and cell separation processes. The cell culture substrate includes a base, and a culture layer formed on the base and having a ‘cell contact surface’ which is a surface to which cells come into contact or attach. In the culture layer, a portion including at least the cell contact surface has a ‘first carbon allotrope portion’ which is an area made of a carbon allotrope. The first carbon allotrope portion is formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The first carbon allotrope portion has a higher hardness than graphite, which is another carbon allotrope, and a lower hardness than ‘PVD-DLC’ formed by PVD, which is a diamond-like carbon (DLC) and another carbon allotrope.
Owner:LMK CO LTD
Sheet material processing apparatus and method for manufacturing allotropes
The present invention provides a sheet material processing apparatus and a method for manufacturing allotropes that improve the efficiency of processing sheet materials. [Solution] The one-sided opening and closing mechanism of the sheet material processing device includes a fixed member having a plurality of first slit holes arranged at intervals in a first direction, with a plurality of layers of sheet material arranged inside each of the plurality of first slit holes, and a movable member having a plurality of second slit holes arranged adjacent to the plurality of first slit holes along the conveying direction of the sheet material, with a plurality of layers of sheet material arranged inside each of the plurality of second slit holes. The movable member is configured to move toward one side in the first direction, thereby reducing the overlapping area between the first slit holes and the second slit holes when viewed along the conveying direction.
Owner:CARBON FLY INC
Magnesium-based composites and methods of forming same
The present disclosure provides a magnesium-based composite and a method of forming the same. The method includes performing a casting process on magnesium, at least one first catalytic metal, and at least one first carbon allotrope to form a first magnesium-based solid solution; performing a severe plastic deformation process on the first magnesium-based solid solution to form a second magnesium-based solid solution; and performing a high-energy ball milling process on the second magnesium-based solid solution and the amorphous additive to form the magnesium-based composite material. The magnesium-based composite material comprises a magnesium-based solid solution and an amorphous additive mixed with the magnesium-based solid solution. The magnesium-based solid solution includes magnesium, at least one first catalytic metal, and at least one first carbon allotrope. The amorphous additive includes at least one second catalytic metal and at least one second carbon allotrope. The magnesium-based composite material disclosed by the invention has higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity, higher hydrogen absorption rate and hydrogen desorption rate, lower working temperature and the like. The method is easy to implement, mass production can be carried out, and materials are easy to obtain.
Owner:ATW TECH INC
Phosphorus-carbon composite material and preparation method thereof, negative pole piece and secondary battery
The invention discloses a phosphorus-carbon composite material, a preparation method of the phosphorus-carbon composite material and a negative electrode plate, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. Graphite and allotropes of two phosphorus simple substances including red phosphorus and black phosphorus are compounded, and meanwhile, the crystal structure of the material is optimized and regulated; the conductivity and stability of the material can be remarkably improved compared with those of a traditional phosphorus-based material, meanwhile, the product can achieve high gram volume based on introduction of the elemental phosphorus, and the comprehensive electrochemical performance is excellent when the material is applied to a lithium ion battery negative electrode material.
Owner:HUIZHOU LIWINON NEW ENERGY TECH CO LTD
Modularized X-ray analysis device and method for oil-gas geology
The invention relates to the technical field of X-ray analysis instrument software, in particular to a modular X-ray analysis device and method for oil and gas geology, a time-sharing control unit drives a multi-target X-ray source to alternately excite fluorescence and diffraction signals, and time-sharing or synchronous acquisition of XRF and XRD is realized in combination with a time schedule controller; the environment adaptation module identifies sample types based on a classification model and switches a vacuum or atmospheric environment, the anti-seismic unit inhibits external vibration and temperature drift interference, the dynamic strategy module triggers an energy filtering mode according to a mineral phase identification result, a monochromator improves diffraction resolution, and a gradient descent algorithm iteratively updates model parameters; and target material parameters and time sequence weights are synchronously adjusted. According to the invention, the problems of low detection efficiency, data splitting and insufficient allotrope identification capability caused by independent operation of XRF / XRD are solved.
Owner:HUBEI CHANGLU JINGTONG INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Sheet material processing device and method for producing allotrope
PCT designated stageWO2026004898A1Carbon compoundsChemical vapor deposition coatingThermodynamicsProcess engineering
This sheet material processing device comprises: a conveyance roller that is for conveying a long sheet material along a defined conveyance path; a first processing chamber that is for performing a first process on the sheet material conveyed along the conveyance path, where the first process is executed in an environment in which the pressure in the first processing chamber is a first pressure; a second processing chamber that is for performing a second process on the sheet material at the side of the conveyance path that is downstream of the first processing chamber, where the second process is executed in an environment in which the pressure in the second processing chamber is a second pressure different from the first pressure; and a pressure adjustment chamber that is disposed between the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber in the conveyance path, where the pressure adjustment chamber is configured such that the pressure in the pressure adjustment chamber is kept between the first pressure and the second pressure.
Owner:CARBON FLY INC
Semiconductor device
Semiconductor device comprising the following: a channel layer (CHL) provided on a substrate (100), wherein the channel layer (CHL) has a two-dimensional atomic layer made of a first material; and a source / drain layer (SDL) provided on the substrate (100), wherein the source / drain layer (SDL) comprises a second material, where the first material is one of phosphorus allotropes, the second material of one of carbon allotropes, and the channel layer (CHL) and the source / drain layer (SDL) are connected to each other by covalent bonds between the first and second materials, and wherein the channel layer (CHL) extends in one direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate (100).
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD