The invention relates to an optical light splitting device for receiving three wave bands through a common window and application of the optical light splitting device in handheld, vehicle-mounted andairborne distance measurement camera shooting white light observation equipment and distance measurement double-path camera shooting equipment. The device comprises a common lens group, a composite prism, a beam splitter prism, an avalanche transistor detector, a near-infrared detector and a visible light detector. External light passes through the common lens group and is refracted into two paths of light by the composite prism, wherein one path of light enters the avalanche transistor detector, and the other path of light enters the beam splitter prism and then is refracted into two paths of light, and the two paths of light respectively enter the near-infrared detector and the visible light detector for imaging. The device is simple in structure, small in size and light in weight, achieves the three functions of distance measurement, visible light imaging and near-infrared light imaging at the same time, and is wide in application range and high in adaptability.