62 results about "Conditional equation" patented technology

Provided are a zoom lens and an imaging apparatus using the zoom lens, the zoom lens being suited for achieving compactness without increasing the number of lenses and being capable of implementing motion blur compensation. The zoom lens includes lenses arranged in order from an object side into a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group having positive refractive power. In the event of a shift of a lens position mode from a wide angle end mode to a telephoto end mode, the first lens group is fixed along an optical axis direction, the second lens group moves to an image side, the third lens group is fixed along the optical axis direction, the fourth lens group compensates for a fluctuation in an image plane position due to the shift of the second lens group, and concurrently moves along the optical axis direction in a close-distance focusing event, and the fifth lens group is fixed along the optical axis direction. An aperture diaphragm is disposed in the vicinity of the third lens group. The fifth lens group includes a negative sub lens group having negative refractive power and a positive sub lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein the image can be shifted in conjunction with a shift of the positive sub lens group in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis. The zoom lens satisfies conditional equation (1) given as 0.6<f5p/Da<1.4, where f5p is a focal distance of the positive sub lens group disposed in the fifth lens group, and Da is a length extending along the optical axis to a paraxial image position from a most-imagewise surface of the positive sub lens group disposed in the fifth lens group.

A location estimation method is provided. The method locates coordinates of a mobile station (MS) by referencing a plurality of base stations (BS). A geometric distribution of the BS is analyzed to provide a list of conditional equations. A virtual BS is allocated, having a virtual distance to the MS to provide a constraint equation. The MS location is derived from the conditional equations and the constraint equation.

A liquid droplet ejecting apparatus having: a liquid droplet ejecting head; and a drive pulse generating unit, wherein the head includes: a nozzle; a pressure chamber which communicates with the nozzle; and a pressure applying section which changes a pressure in the pressure chamber, wherein the generated drive pulse is applied to the pressure applying section so as to change the pressure in the pressure chamber to cause the liquid in the pressure chamber to be ejected from the nozzle, and wherein the drive pulse comprises a rectangular expansion pulse which causes expansion and then contraction of the volume of the pressure chamber and in which the pulse width PW of the expanding pulse is set so as to satisfy the following conditional equation,

A projection optical system satisfies the following conditional equation: 0.01<{(tan θ f1−tan θ f2)−(tan θ n1−tan θ n2)}·(β2/β1)<0.20. If, however, the normal line and longer side directions of a screen surface are z and x directions, respectively, an incident angle component on an xz-plane with respect to the screen surface is an incident angle θ, the larger incident angle θ of a light ray in light rays incident on respective edges of the upper and lower sides of the screen through the center of a stop is θ; f while the smaller incident angle θ of the light ray is θ n; θ f1 and θ f2: the maximum and minimum incident angles θ f at the maximum and minimum projecting magnification absolute values at a focus adjustment time, respectively, θ n1 and θ n2: the maximum and minimum incident angles θ n at the maximum and minimum projecting magnification absolute values at the focus adjustment time, respectively, and β1 and β2: the maximum and minimum incident magnifications at the maximum and minimum projecting magnification values at the focus adjustment time (if the magnification is negative, the magnification value is that at the absolute maximum or minimum time), respectively.

Provided are an array antenna capable of miniaturizing an array antenna while reducing side lobes, a tag communication device and tag communication system provided with the array antenna, and a beam control method for the array antenna. When XY coordinates and a feeding phase of each antenna element (21a to 21d) are defined as the antenna element (21a) (0, Y1)·φ1, the antenna element (21b) (−X1, 0)·φ2, the antenna element (21c) (X2, 0)·φ3, the antenna element (21d) (0, −Y2)·φ4, wavelengths of λ, and directivity directions of θ, each of the feeding phases is set so that the following conditional equations φ1=φ4, φ2=2π·X1·sin(θ)/λ+φ1, φ3=φ1−2π·X2·sin(θ)/λ are all satisfied.

A scanning optical apparatus includes: an incident optical system which is disposed in an optical path between a light source unit and a deflection unit, and includes an optical element for making a light flux emitted from the light source unit enter a deflection surface of the deflection unit with an oblique angle in a sub scanning section; and a positional regulation member for holding the optical element having an x reference surface for performing positional regulation of the optical element in an optical axis direction and a z reference surface for performing positional regulation of the optical element in a sub scanning direction. The optical element is held by a casing so that the x reference surface and the z reference surface contact with the positional regulation member of the casing. The principal ray of the light flux outgoing from the optical element satisfies a conditional equation (1).

The invention discloses a big relative aperture long-focus image space telecentric zoom lens, sequentially comprising a front fixed group, a zoom group, a compensation group and a back fixed group from the object plane side to the image plane side; the corresponding combined focus satisfies a conditional equation: 3.5<F1/FW<6, -1.6<F2/FW<-0.9, 1.1<F3/FW<2, 1.3<F4/FW<1.9, wherein FW is the focus ofthe zoom lens in wide angle end state. The invention adopts the design of big relative aperture which reaches 1:2 and keeps constant big relative aperture in zoom process to ensure high light energyutilization rate of lens; bigger zoom ratio and longer focus ensure good imaging quality in zooming process; the lens adopt the image space telecentric design, so that the size of the image plane doesnot change with the movement of the image plane and the illumination is even; and all of the glass are made in China, with low cost. The big relative aperture long-focus image space telecentric zoomlens shows a wide application prospect in the fields of remote sensing, measurement, photography and the like.

A projection optical system includes a first lens unit that moves in a direction of an optical axis in adjusting an amount of field curvature and a second lens unit located closer to a reduction side than the first lens unit. The first lens unit includes an aspherical lens satisfying predetermined conditional equations.

An immersion optical system that condenses light from a light source toward a first surface includes a lens having a concave lens surface closest to the first surface, a liquid being filled in a space between the concave lens surface and the first surface, wherein a conditional equation d>L/[2×tan {arcsin(NA/ni)}] is met, where d is a distance between a first point and a second point when the distance becomes maximum between the first point on the concave lens surface and the second point on the first surface in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first surface, L/2 is a maximum distance from the second point to an edge of an irradiation area of the light on a first surface, NA is a numerical aperture of the immersion optical system, and ni is a refractive index of the liquid.

A microscope includes a laser light source, an optical system which changes a beam diameter, and a field stop disposed at a position conjugating with a sample plane, in this order beginning from the side of the laser light source. In this microscopes the following conditional equation is satisfied: A≦D/2 where “A” is the diameter of the field stop, and “D” is the diameter of light incident to the field stop.

Compact wide angle lens designs are described. The lens has three lens groups and includes complex aspherical lens elements. The lens designs have a field of view of 80° or greater and satisfies at least one of the conditional equations a) BFL/EFL<=0.6 where BFL is the distance from the image surface vertex of the complex aspheric lens element to the image plane, EFL is the effective focal length of the optical lens, and,

• • b) BFL/CA<=0.3 where CA is the clear aperture of the complex aspheric lens element, EFL is the effective focal length of the optical lens, and,
  • c) 3=<TTL/EFL<=6.6 where TTL is the distance from the vertex of the first element of group 1 to the image plane of the lens assembly when focused at infinity, EFL is the effective focal length of the optical lens.

The invention relates to a zoom lens and an image capturing apparatus. The inner focus type zoom lens includes a first lens group that has positive refracting power and is normally located at a fixed position, a second lens group that has negative refracting power and is movable in an optical axis direction for zooming, a third lens group that has positive refracting power, a fourth lens group that is movable for correction of a focal position due to the zooming and for focusing, and a fifth lens group that has positive refracting power, in order from an object side, wherein the first lens group includes a negative lens, a first positive lens, and a second positive lens arranged in order from the object side, wherein a first face of the negative lens has a shape of a concave surface turned on the object side, and wherein the zoom lens satisfies the following conditional equation (1) -10.0<G1R1/fw<-3.0.

The invention relates to the field of analogue integrated circuits, and discloses a low-power-consumption variable gain amplifier. The low-power-consumption variable gain amplifier comprises a differential common-source amplification unit, variable load resistor arrays Rd1-Rdn-1, digital control switch arrays A1-An-1, variable current source arrays I1-In-1, variable-source feedback resistor arrays Rs1-Rsn-1, switch arrays K1-Kn-1, a fixed current source I0, a fixed current source ISS, a fixed resistor Rd0 and a fixed resistor Rs0, wherein effective resistance values in the variable load resistor arrays Rd1-Rdn-1 are controlled through the digital control switch arrays A1-An-1, current sources in the variable current source arrays I1-In-1 are controlled through the digital control switch arrays, effective resistance values in the variable-source feedback resistor arrays Rs1-Rsn-1 are controlled through the switch arrays K1-Kn-1, and the output common mode voltage of the variable gain amplifier meets the following conditional equation of . By means of the design mode, the common mode is stably output, a common mode feedback circuit is removed at the same time, and accordingly the complexity and power consumption of the circuits are reduced.

The invention discloses an algorithm for positioning the accurate mountain fire and calculating a vertical distance between a mountain fire edge and an overhead transmission line. After the mountain fire is discovered through a camera, a planar two-dimensional coordinate system o-xy, an image space rectangular coordinate system S-xyz, a ground photography coordinate system O-XYZ and an image spaceauxiliary coordinate system S-XYZ are constructed based on the photogrammetry principle, p is an image point, P is a fire point, S is the origin of the camera photographic center, and o is the originof the image center; three-dimensional attitude angles during image shooting are measured through utilizing a three-dimensional electronic compass fixedly mounted on the camera in real time, including the azimuth angle (phi), tehe inclination angle (omega) and the roll angle (kappa); through image point space coordinate transformation, a collinear conditional equation satisfying the image point p, the fire point P and the origin S of the camera photographic center is constructed, and the equal-division search method is utilized to acquire the three-dimensional coordinate of the fire point.

To provide a zoom lens capable of achieving stable optical quality by inhibiting an effect of assemble errors during manufacturing. A zoom lens includes a positive first lens group G1, a negative second lens group G2, a positive third lens group G3, and a positive fourth lens group G4, which are arranged from an object side in that order, and during variation in lens position from a wide angle end state to a telescopic end state, G1 and G3 are fixed, G2 is moved toward an image side, G4 moves so as to compensate fluctuations in image-surface position due to the shift of G2, and an aperture diaphragm S is fixed adjacent to the object side of G3, etc. G2 includes a negative meniscus lens L21 with a concave surface opposing the image side and a cemented lens L22 of a biconcave lens and a positive lens with a convex surface opposing the object side, which are arranged from the object side in that order, and the negative meniscus lens is a compound lens of a glass lens and a resin lens PL formed adjacent to the image side of the glass lens, the lens surface adjacent to the image side of the resin lens is aspheric, and the conditional equation (1) below is satisfied:

n2>1.75,   (1)

where n2 is the average refractive index of glass constituting G2.

An optical element includes a transparent substrate and an antireflection coating on the substrate. The antireflection coating includes an intermediate layer on the substrate, and an undulation layer that is formed on the intermediate layer and has a plurality of convexes arrayed with spacing shorter than a shortest wavelength. The undulation layer has a portion where refractive index increases from a light incident side to the substrate. The intermediate layer has a first layer closest to the substrate, and a second layer formed on the first layer. A refractive index n1 of the first layer, a refractive index n2 of the second layer, and a refractive index ns of the substrate satisfy the following conditional equations:

1.75≦ns≦2.20;

n1<n2; and

n1<ns.