The invention discloses a method for measuring three-dimensional deformation of a cross section of an underground cavity, and belongs to the technical field of rock-mass engineering measurement, so as to iron out the defects that a conventional method cannot accurately measure the three-dimensional deformation of a cross section of an underground space. The method comprises the following steps: arranging four positioning base points A, B, C and D on a to-be-measured cross section, wherein the four positioning base points A, B, C and D are respectively located at four sides of the to-be-measured cross section; taking A as the origin of coordinates, building a three-dimensional coordinate system, and analyzing all positioning base points in the three-dimensional coordinate system; sequentially measuring the initial distance, initial azimuth angle and initial inclination angle between two adjacent positioning base points; calculating the three-dimensional coordinates and spatial correlation values of all initial positioning base points B0, C0 and D0 through corresponding formulas according to the above parameters; sequentially measuring the distance, azimuth angle and inclination angle between two adjacent positioning base points after deformation; and calculating the real-time three-dimensional coordinates, deformation condition and spatial correlation values of Bn, Cn and Dn through corresponding formulas according to the above parameters. The method is suitable for the construction and maintenance of underground engineering.