161 results about "Foot protection" patented technology

A field and stream boot for traversing rivers, lakes and stream beds, as well as, outdoor trails which includes; an upper construction with a hard heel, a hard toe, an ankle cup, and a metatarsus rigid panel that provide foot protection from outdoor or underwater terrain and obstacles; and an outsole construction where the outsole has peripheral intermittent tread surrounding a heel array of tungsten carbide spikes overlain with felt with the spike protruding through the felt but not below the peripheral intermittent tread, and surrounding a forefoot array of tungsten carbide spikes overlain with felt with the spikes protruding through the felt but not below the peripheral intermittent tread. The tread may be in the form of lugs, cleats or other gripping ribs or ridges.

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for minimizing accelerations during impacts such as those encountered in motor vehicle accidents, helicopter and airplane crashes, explosions, and the like. The preferred embodiment takes the form of a helical spring-like member (100), designed to experience plastic deformation over a desired deformation length, under a given impact load threshold. The spring-like member is preferably installed in a mechanical linkage that is flattened under impact, straining the spring-like member in a predictable fashion. The operating characteristics of this system [namely the stress-strain curve, and thus the deformation length, impact load threshold, and acceptable load range for the system to be protected] can be easily controlled by varying the device dimensions and installation configuration.

The invention relates to a lawn mower for pruning lawns at places, such as courtyards, parks, road sides and the like, particularly to an environment-friendly (with artificial foot protection and silencing slots) pushing-riding dual-purpose mower. The invention has the main improvements that a grass feeding rod comprising reverse hook teeth is arranged at the front part of the lawn mower; an artificial foot protection plate comprising a rotary hinge is respectively arranged at both sides of the middle part of the mower; a pushing-riding dual-purpose wheel comprising a foot pedal is arranged at the rear part of the mower; a silencing slot (comprising a silencing pipe and a water tank) is particularly and additionally arranged; a balancing weight is replaced by water, thereby lowering the transportation cost; self-moving is assisted by foot pedaling, thereby saving fuel and exercising bodies; the silencing pipe is added, thereby reducing the noise; the protection plates are added, thereby ensuring the safety; pressed grass is also centered; and the lawn grass-pressing mower with the comprehensive effect is beneficial to grass feeding, weight balancing, noise reduction, temperature reduction, energy saving, environmental protection, soil moisture preservation and safety.

A method for aerodynamic noise analysis based on computer value-assisted simulation aims at using a computer to perform a 'numerical experiment', theoretically reproducing the physical process, obtaining the numerical simulation advantages of low cost, easy data acquisition and theoretical problem analysis compared with the experiment, achieving the effects of continuous calculation period shortening and more and more accurate calculation results with development of the computer and a model, using FLUENT fluid data to calculate a fluid in a rotary machine and an MRE model, considering a variable velocity field, a pressure field and turbulence energy, using LMS Virtual lab software to obtain a noise spectrum, analyzing a noise source and acquiring noise data to reduce noise. A lawn mowing machine is provided with an engine of an LPG fuel tank, and artificial-foot protection plates made of a noise elimination material are arranged on two sides of the middle of the mowing machine.

Disclosed is an apparatus for tightening a top of a foot in a leisure sports boot having a sole forming the bottom of the boot; a boot upper rim forming the top end of the boot and having a U-shaped front surface; a boot upper being extended between the sole and the boot upper rim, and consisting of an outside upper forming an outer appearance and an inside upper adhered to a foot; a top of foot protection upper installed inside the U-shaped boot upper rim; and a tightening band tied between the boot upper rims in a zigzag shape outside the top of foot protection upper, the apparatus includes a top of foot tightening means installed inside the top of foot protection upper, for compressing the top of the foot to the sole, a wire passing through the top of foot tightening means, and pulling the top of foot tightening means to the top of the foot so that the heel can be fixedly adhered to the sole, and a wire fixing device connected to both ends of the wire, for selectively pulling or releasing the wire.

The invention discloses a fire control fighting training shoe pad. The shoe pad comprises a shoe pad body, wherein the shoe pad body from the front-end to the back-end, in sequence comprises a shoe pad forefoot, a shoe pad cushion core, a shoe pad mid-waist and a shoe pad heel; the shoe pad forefoot is provided with 4-7 pieces of wave-type elastic stripes in lateral fringe, a forefoot shock absorption pad is arranged on the underside; a heart-shaped convex surface is arranged on the upper side of the shoe pad cushion core, a memory foamed plastic is arranged on the underside; both sides of the shoe pad mid-waist are respectively tilted upward, 30-50 pebble-shape convex grains are arranged linearly on the upper side of the shoe pad mid-waist; a round-shape convex surface is arranged on the upper side of the shoe pad heel, the outer edge of the shoe pad heel is tilted upward, a heel shock absorption pad is arranged on the underside of the shoe pad heel; 50-80 ventilation round holes are formed linearly in the underside of the shoe pad mid-waist and the shoe pad heel. The fire control fighting training shoe pad has the advantages that the shoe pad is strong in damping and foot protection effect, air and water flow permeable in foot sole, preventive in breeding of bacteria and fungi, stable in foot and shoe pad fitting, not easy to slide, capable of preventing the foot inside from topping out of the left and right sides of the shoe, and is provided with a massage effect.

This disclosure includes customized ungulate foot protection devices and related methods. Some methods of protecting an ungulate foot include capturing a three-dimensional image of a portion of the ungulate foot, producing a three-dimensional image of an overmold, wherein the overmold includes a cavity that is complementary in shape to the captured three-dimensional image of the portion of the ungulate foot, assembling a three-dimensional image of a protective shoe element with the three-dimensional image of the overmold, and manufacturing the assembled three-dimensional images of the protective shoe element and the overmold. Some methods comprise coupling the manufactured overmold to the ungulate foot.

A sole mechanism for robots, which is disclosed by the invention, belongs to the technical field of robots, and particularly relates to a sole mechanism which can enhance the climbing ability of the legs of a multi-legged robot. The sole mechanism comprises a contact friction part, an active ground-gripping part and a foot-connected part. In the contact friction part, a foot pad with a composite pattern is adopted to increase the friction coefficient between the contact friction part and a contact surface, so that the climbing stability of the feet of the robot can be enhanced to adapt to a variety of complex mountain environments. In the active ground-gripping part, toothed gripping tooth blocks are adopted to stick into the ground, so that the ground-gripping ability of the feet of the robot is enhanced, and thereby the feet of the robot can be more adaptive to mountain slopes with complex road conditions. In the foot-connected part, separate semicircular holddown structures are adopted, so that the sole can be conveniently connected with the foot of the robot. The sole mechanism has the functions of slip resistance and robot foot protection, can be used as a universal module, is easy and convenient to adjust, replace and maintain, and enhances the stability, adaptability and flexibility of the walking of the robot.

The invention discloses a foot physical therapy insole, and relates to the technical field of insoles. The insole comprises an insole body, and the insole body sequentially comprises a bamboo charcoal fiber layer, a first polyurethane foam layer and a second polyurethane foam layer from top to bottom. From the front end to the rear end of the insole body, the first polyurethane foam layer is sequentially provided with toe massage protruding points, forefoot massage protruding points, sole heart massage protrusions, foot arch massage protruding points, foot arch massage protrusions and heel massage protrusions; the part, corresponding to the front end of the insole body, of the second polyurethane foam layer is lacked, a containing cavity is formed in the lower side of the second polyurethane foam layer, and one heel shock-absorption mat is embedded into the containing cavity. The foot physical therapy insole is high in shock-absorption and foot-protection effect, good in air permeability and capable of remitting the flat foot and conducting massage and health care physiotherapy treatment.

The invention discloses an RPW (ranked position weight) process for treating a high fill slope. According to the RPW process, the problem of surface layer infiltration of atmospheric rainfall in a fill slope is solved by using a surface soil replacement, rolling and compaction technology, the problem of compaction degree of earth fill in a critical infiltration depth range of the atmospheric rainfall is solved by using a middle slope body pressure grouting technology, and the problem of stability of earth fill outside the critical infiltration depth range of the atmospheric rainfall is solved by using a lower slope face compaction and foot protection technology. The invention provides a three-dimensional combined treatment technique for reinforcing the fill slope by using the surface soil replacement, rolling and compaction, the middle slope body pressure grouting and the lower slope face compaction and foot protection from top to bottom with the critical infiltration depth as a pointcut based on the treatment idea of a cataclysm space partition aiming at the particularity of the fill slope and the basic reason for instability of the fill slope. The RPW process has the advantages that an atmospheric rainfall surface layer infiltration passage is obstructed by using the surface soil replacement, rolling and compaction technology, the problem of stability of a shallow layer of the fill slope is solved, the compaction degree of the fill in the critical infiltration depth range of the atmospheric rainfall is enhanced by using the middle slope body pressure grouting technology, and the problem of instability of a deep layer of the fill slope is solved. The RPW process has high pertinence and high reliability based on the treatment idea of the cataclysm space partition, and the influence on the fill slope by the atmospheric rainfall is solved substantially. Meanwhile, the process has the advantages of simple construction process, short construction period, low manufacturing cost and the like, and is a new fill slope treatment technology which is worthy of being promoted and applied.

An electrocoagulation reactor for the treatment of wastewater. The electrocoagulation reactor typically engages a DC power source and a source of wastewater to be treated. It has a housing with walls and a wastewater inlet, and a treated wastewater outlet. There is at least one anode / cathode pair of oppositely charged spaced apart plates that engage the power source to charge the anode with a positive charge and the cathode with a negative charge. Between each anode / cathode pair is at least one segmented intermediate plate, which is not engaged to the power source of electrical energy, and which intermediate plate is segmented into multiple segments, which multiple segments lay generally in the same plane.

The invention discloses a health care shoe pad for diabetes patients, and relates to the technical field of shoe pads. The shoe pad comprises a shoe pad body, wherein the shoe pad body from top to bottom in sequence comprises a charcoal fibrous layer and a memory foamed plastic layer, a polyurethane foamed plastic layer is arranged in a pasted mode on the lower side of the middle of the memory foamed plastic layer, a hollow elastic pad net is arranged at the corresponding position of a human front foot palm on the lower side of the front end of the memory foamed plastic layer, a hollow elastic pad is arranged on the lower side of the rear end of the memory foamed plastic layer corresponding to the heel, and an elastic rib part is arranged on the lower side of the polyurethane foamed plastic layer corresponding to the inner side of the foot arch. The health care shoe pad for diabetes patients can be worn by the diabetic patients comfortably, and deformation can be made to cater to the projecting part of the foot, after the deformation the shoe pad can be automatically restored, the damping and foot protection effects are strong, and the shoe pad is good in breathability.

A landing door foot protection plate belongs to elevator mechanical parts and comprises a protection plate body. A groove is arranged on the protection plate body, and at least two connection rods arranged in parallel are connected in the groove. Due to the fact that the groove is arranged on the protection plate body and the connection rods are connected in the groove, a ladder is formed, and maintainers can come out from a lift car conveniently and can reach a crawling ladder of a shaft. The landing door foot protection plate is simple in structure and convenient to use, has the effective effects of protection and isolation, and can serve as the ladder. The maintainers can move from the lift car to the shaft conveniently, and safety is improved.

The invention discloses a slope-type ecological embankment. The slope-type ecological embankment is formed by arranging a geotextile inverted layer (3), a porous concrete revetment, a plant planting tank foot protection and a hygrophyte in sequence on the basis of the original stable structure slope surface (5), wherein the stable structure slope surface (5) is of undisturbed soil with a stable structure; the geotextile inverted layer (3) is a layer of water permeability non-woven geotextile; the porous concrete revetment is paved by a single layer globular complex made of porous concrete materials; the plant planting tank foot protection is set at the position where a slope toe is connected with a river bottom; the hygrophyte is a plant planted in the porous concrete revetment and the plant planting tank. The slope-type ecological embankment is stable and safe in structure, and simultaneously has functions of purifying water quality of river and constructing a river wall ecosystem.

The invention aims to provide a telescopic foot protection plate which solves the shortcomings that the need for safety of shallow pits cannot be adapted and the like in the prior art. The telescopic foot protection plate comprises a fixed substrate, movable plates and a movable connecting rod, wherein the upper parts of the fixed substrate and the movable plates are provided with horizontal baserods with a horizontal guide groove; the middle part of the fixed substrate is provided with a vertical guide groove; a central hinge pin of the movable connecting rod hinged on the horizontal base rod of the movable plate reciprocates along the vertical guide groove of the fixed substrate; the fixed substrate and the movable plate or adjacent movable plates are hinged together through the horizontal guide grooves of the horizontal base rods and the end part hinge pin of the movable connecting rod, and the end part hinge pin of the movable connecting rod reciprocates along the horizontal guide grooves of the horizontal base rods; a foot protection plate lock is hinged on the horizontal base rod of the fixed substrate; and a locking pin matched with a lock hook of the foot protection platelock is fixed on the horizontal base rod of the movable plate. The telescopic foot protection plate is in a simple structure, easy to operate and safe and reliable to use.

The invention discloses a pair of heat-insulation and cold-proof fire-fighting boots which comprises boot soles, boot uppers and boot legs, wherein the boot soles comprise full rubber outsoles; the full rubber outsoles are further internally provided with anti-puncture insoles; glass fiber protection covering heads supporting boot heads are arranged in the front ends of the boot uppers; lace openings extending downwards from boot leg openings are formed in the front surfaces of the boot legs in a folded manner; tongues are arranged in the lace openings; lace tightening buckles are arranged atthe upper ends of the external surfaces of the tongues; water-proof membrane composite layers are adhered to lining surfaces of the boot legs and the boot uppers; water-proof and flame-retardant layers are adhered to the external surfaces of the boot legs, the boot uppers and the tongues; and aerogel heat insulation blankets for insulating heat are arranged between the full rubber outsoles and theanti-puncture insoles of the boot soles and between the water-proof membrane composite layers and the water-proof and flame-retardant layers of the boot legs. The pair of heat-insulation and cold-proof fire-fighting boots integrates safety protection performance and wear comfortability of fire-fighting boots, can better meet foot protection requirements in an extinguishment and disaster relief process of a firefighter and can be widely applied to extinguishment and rescue operation of the firefighter.

A folding foot protection device for bedded patients. The folding foot protection device has a top member, typicaly rectangular, which will support a pair of folding legs. The folding legs can move between a use position where they are opened up and make an angle of greater than 90° with respect to the top member or a folded position which they lay adjacent to one another adjacent the top member. The folded or closed position makes the device easy to store.

The invention discloses a geotextile material composite ecological riverbank protection structure, the geotextile material composite ecological riverbank protection structure comprises a foot protection, a plurality of ecological bag layers and a fixing structure, wherein the ecological bag layers are arranged above the foot protection structure, and the fixing structure is used for fixing the ecological bag layers. A slope angle is formed by a split level laying of the ecological bag layers. A plurality of biological branches arranged at interval are arranged between the two nearby ecological bag layers. A multi-species multi-layered compound type vegetation structure is formed by grass seeds in each ecological bag of each ecological bag layer and the biological branches which are placed between the two nearby ecological bag layers. On one hand, the biological branches can fixedly take roots into slope soil body for improving the whole anti-slide performance of the geotextile material composite ecological riverbank protection structure and the connectivity of the slope soil body, and on the other hand, the survival rate of the vegetation on the surface of the slope soil body is improved, and integrality and protection function of a vegetation cover layer is protected; multi-species multi-layered compound type vegetation can be created in slope of the riverbank, multi-layered consolidation function of compound vegetation root system in the slop soil body of riverbank is completely utilized.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses a double-rocker orthopedic traction rehabilitation device for household nursing. The double-rocker orthopedic traction rehabilitation device comprises a base. Universal wheels are mounted on two sides of the bottom of the base fixedly. A base plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the base. The top of the base plate is fixedly connected with two sides of the bottom of a limiting shell. Bearings are fixedly connected to two sides of the middle of the limiting shell. Two sides of the limiting shell are movably connected with two sides of a rotating shaft through the bearings. A rotating disc located on the outer portion of the limiting shell sleeves one end of the rotating shaft fixedly. Aslot hole is formed in the top of the limiting shell, and the top of the limiting shell is connected with the middle of a lifting rod movably through the slot hole. The double-rocker orthopedic traction rehabilitation device has the advantages that the position of a foot protection sleeve is adjusted freely under the combined action of a traction device, a slider and the foot protection sleeve, sothat patients' legs are pulled conveniently, and functionality of the device is improved.

The invention discloses a rapid movement protection insole. The insole comprises an insole body, the insole body comprises an insole forefoot, an insole core, an insole middle part and an insole heel from the front end to the rear end; sucking discs are arranged on the upper side of the insole forefoot, a plurality of wavy-line-shaped grooves are formed between the sucking discs, and a forefoot shock-absorption pad and toe shock-absorption foam are arranged on the lower side of the insole forefoot; a heart-shaped convex surface is arranged on the upper side of the insole core; wavy-line-shaped grooves are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the insole middle part and the upper side of the insole heel; the two sides of the insole middle part are cocked upwards, and spacer block foam is arranged on the lower side of the insole middle part; a circular convex surface is arranged on the upper side in the middle of the insole heel, the outside edge of the insole heel is cocked upwards, and a heel shock-absorption pad is arranged on the lower side in the middle of the insole heel. By means of the insole, a foot is enabled to be firmly attached to the insole body and not prone to sliding, the foot can be prevented from being topped out from the inside of a shoe to the left and right sides of the shoe, the shock-adsorption and foot-protection effects are strong, the force fatigue caused by movements, walk and standing can be relieved, and the perspiration and exhaust effects are good.

A foot protection device for insertion into a sandal, the sandal having a plurality of straps that run across the front and top area of the foot that may apply excess pressure and cause irritations to the foot, the foot protection device comprising, (a) an insole that lays upon and covers the sandal sole, (b) a foot band member positioned below the sandal straps and above the top of the foot and for the foot band member to have sufficient thickness and surface hardness to absorb the sandal strap stresses applied to the top of the foot and to thereby redistribute these stresses over the foot band member surface area to minimize any strap excess pressure and irritations to the top of the foot, and (c) a means for attaching each of the foot band member opposing ends to one of each of the insole opposing sides.

The invention discloses a pair of children foot-protection stride-care shoes with high protection function. Each children foot-protection stride-care shoe comprises a functional outer sole, an upper and an inner sole, wherein the heels of the outer soles of the shoes are 5-20 mm higher than forefeet so as to lighten the bearing of the calcaneus, keep the stress balance and release the impact on feet, the diarthrodial joint and the brain; the bottom surface of each outer sole is provided with a Tai Chi balance shock-absorption groove in the stress direction, the stress center is provided with a shock-absorption rebound spring mat, and the flank part is provided with a twisting-resisting balance block to protect the stability of the arch and middle rear part of the foot; the forefoot and heel part of the bottom surface of the outer sole are provided with a plurality of bent antiskid lines; and the forefoot part on the outer sole is provided with a plurality of assistance bent grooves. The invention absorbs the shock force from the ground to the foot and the diarthrodial joint when a child walks, runs and jumps and feeds back to feet so as to make the walking easy and labor-saving; in addition, the children foot-protection stride-care shoes protect the ankle, exercise the muscle of the sole part to support the arch, increase the comfort and protect the foot health of the child, and bring practicability.

The invention discloses a sill component. The sill is provided with a mounting slot fixed with a sill bracket through a bolt; the section of the sill bracket is in a U shape; and one side arm of the U-shaped sill bracket is fastened with a foot protection plate through a sunk screw. According to the invention, the mounting of the sill component is realized by adopting a simple structure connection mode, the entire structure is simple, and the mounting is convenient; and the connection among supports is stable.

The invention relates to a steel-structure high lamp column foot protection device and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building engineering and safety protection. According to the steel-structure high lamp column foot protection device and the manufacturing method thereof, the structure is simple, use is convenient, a column foot can be effectively protected, the anticorrosion effect is good, and the protection effect is good. According to the technical scheme, the column foot can be subject to anticorrosion treatment, the portion within the range of a column foot bolt, a stiffened plate and the like is filled with expansion vermiculite concrete, preformed holes with dehumidifying and positioning functions are reserved, a waterproof mortar protection layer is smeared, and the protection device is formed; and the protection device is of a structure with the upper portion smaller than the lower portion, and weather-resisting sealing glue exists in the joint portion of the protection device and a lamp column. The column foot protection device is fragile in core and hard in shell and is easy to open and convenient to maintain and use. The protection device is widely applied to protection of steel-structure column feet of high lamp columns in public places like a stadium.

The invention discloses a football insole, and relates to the technical field of insoles. The football insole comprises an insole body, the insole body comprises a nanometer bamboo charcoal fiber layer, a first polyurethane layer, a second polyurethane layer and a third polyurethane layer from top to bottom in sequence, shock-absorption pads are arranged at the position, corresponding to toes of ahuman body, of the lower side of the front end of the third polyurethane layer, the position, corresponding to the front sole of the human body, of the lower side of the front end of the third polyurethane layer, and the position, corresponding to the heel of the human body, of the lower side of the rear end of the third polyurethane layer respectively, and an elastic foot-protecting portion is arranged at the position, corresponding to the foot arch of the human body, of the lower side of the third polyurethane layer; multiple hexagonal protrusions are evenly distributed on the upper side ofthe nanometer bamboo charcoal fiber layer, and multiple penetrating holes in the vertical direction are arrayed in the third polyurethane layer. A wearer can wear the football insole comfortably, thefootball insole can deform and make shock absorption by catering to the protruding portion of a foot, and therefore the effect of foot protection is high. The toes, the front sole, the foot arch andthe foot heel of the wearer can be effectively protected, air permeability is good, and the functions of resistance to mildew, bacteria and odor, perspiration and the like are realized.

A skating boot adapted to fit around the foot of the user and allowing adequate forward and backward motion of the upper portion relative to the lower portion. The boot is equipped with an inside joint and an outside joint connecting the upper portion and the lower portion together. Front and rear elastic covers complete the shape of the boot and are attached to both the upper portion and the lower portion. The joints comprise and inside and an outside concave sliding disks adapted to slidingly engage with corresponding retainers incorporated within the upper and lower portions. The position of the joints is preferably offset with the inside joint located higher and closer to the front of the boot than the outside joint to accommodate the anatomical structure of the human ankle. The boot has a smooth shape and encases the foot such that all skating maneuvers can be completed with ease while providing adequate ankle support and foot protection.

The invention discloses a construction method of an open-arch concealed half-wall and half-arch protection structure of a shallow-buried bias tunnel penetrating through an accumulation body. The construction method comprises a half-wall and half-arch protection structure body and an open-arch concealed reverse underground excavation tunnel-entering construction method. The open-arch concealed reverse underground excavation tunnel-entering construction method comprises the steps of backpressure backfill, advanced grouting supporting, a three-step seven-step reserved core geotechnical method anda monitoring and measuring method. According to the construction method, backfill soil is used for carrying out foot protection backpressure on the accumulation body, then a large pipe shed and a reinforcing mesh are constructed on the accumulation body, concrete is backfilled, and arch ring effect protection is formed; the supporting surfaces on the two sides of a semi-exposed and semi-concealedsleeve arch provide a protection body for underground excavation, and the accumulation body is less disturbed to maintain a relative stable state; and the tunnel portal protection structure is stablein type, simple in structure and good in stress performance, under the protection effect of the half-wall and half-arch sleeve arch, the safety, reliability and economical efficiency of tunnel construction are greatly improved through the construction method of reverse underground excavation out of a tunnel, large excavation is avoided, and the ecological environment is protected.

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for minimizing accelerations during impacts such as those encountered in motor vehicle accidents, helicopter and airplane crashes, explosions, and the like. The preferred embodiment takes the form of a helical spring-like member (100), designed to experience plastic deformation over a desired deformation length, under a given impact load threshold. The spring-like member is preferably installed in a mechanical linkage that is flattened under impact, straining the spring-like member in a predictable fashion. The operating characteristics of this system [namely the stress-strain curve, and thus the deformation length, impact load threshold, and acceptable load range for the system to be protected] can be easily controlled by varying the device dimensions and installation configuration.

The invention provides an oyster reef row, a sea dyke foot protection device and a dike foot protection method, and relates to the technical field of coastal zone repair. The oyster reef row providedby the invention comprises reef row frames, ground-grabbing devices and protective net devices; the ground-grabbing devices are connected to the bottoms of the reef row frames; and the protective netdevices are connected with and cover the reef row frames. The oyster reef row provided by the invention can be arranged at the dyke foot of a sea dyke, and the reef row frames and the dyke foot can beprotected through the protective net devices, so that sediment at the dyke foot of the sea dyke is prevented from being scoured by water flows, the stability of the dyke foot is protected advantageously, and the dyke foot of the sea dyke can be prevented from being eroded.