The invention discloses a vector miss distance parameter estimation method based on GA. The vector miss distance parameter estimation method based on GA comprises the steps of building a solving target function; according to signal quality, selecting a channel with the best signal quality as a reference channel, calculating the phase difference of the channels relative to reference channel, and onthe basis of the phase difference, building a target function; building a constraint function; using a genetic algorithm for optimizing the set target function, and the optimal solution is obtained;serving the obtained optimal solution as iteration initialization value of a nonlinear estimation function, and obtaining a global optimum. Advantages and shortcomings of the GA algorithm and a traditional nonlinear estimation algorithm are combined, a rapid and accurate parameter estimation method is developed, the defect that GA local optimizing capacity is weak, and the global optimization capacity of the traditional nonlinear estimation algorithm is weak is overcome, the GA global optimizing capacity and the traditional nonlinear estimation local optimizing capacity are sufficiently used,the characteristics of GA randomness are considered, repeated GA synchronous optimization thought is adopted, and the problem about parameter estimation of complicated problems can be effectively solved.