The invention relates to a portable engine-driven centrifugal pump. The pump comprises a cylinder, a water pump and a silencer. A cylinder body of the cylinder and a pump body of the water pump are installed in a fitted mode, and the silencer is connected with an exhaust port of the cylinder. A cylinder cooling water channel is arranged inside a cylinder head, and a cooling water inlet and a return water outlet are formed in the outside of the cylinder head. A return water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed in the pump body. The return water outlet is connected with the return water inlet through a cooling water return pipe, and the cooling water outlet is connected to the cooling water inlet through a cooling water feed pipe. A pressure switch is arranged on the cylinder head, and the pressure switch is communicated with the cylinder cooling water channel of the cylinder. A water diversion outlet and a negative pressure connecting port are formed in the centrifugal pump, the water diversion outlet is connected with a water and air inlet of a water diversion device through a water pipe, and the negative pressure connecting port is connected with a negative pressure port of the water diversion device through a water pipe. According to the portable engine-driven centrifugal pump, the cooling water channel is utilized to achieve automatic cooling for an engine, and it is facilitated to reduce the energy consumption. The water diversion device is adopted so that the automatic water diversion can be achieved, the operating steps are simplified, the technical difficulty is reduced, and it is guaranteed that the pump can be used successfully under emergency circumstances.