The invention discloses a bearing block, which comprises a bearing sleeve and a bearing cap, wherein a flange is arranged at one end of the bearing sleeve, and a through shaft hole is formed in the other end of the bearing sleeve; a threaded hole is also formed in the flange, is connected with an oil inlet hole passage, and is communicated with a bearing hole through the oil inlet hole passage; an oil outlet threaded hole and an oil outlet hole passage are also formed in the flange, and the oil outlet hole passage is communicated with a transition section of the bearing sleeve to form a loop, so that an oil cavity of the bearing block is cleaned; the oil inlet hole passage and the oil outlet hole passage can be flexibly formed, so that the universality of the bearing block is improved, and the application range of the bearing block is widened. In addition, the invention discloses a bearing-block-based bearing block cleaning and lubricating system and a bearing-block-based bearing block cleaning and lubricating method. The system has the advantages of simple structure, safety, reliability, good cleaning and lubricating effects, capability of automatically cleaning and lubricating the bearing block and high applicability. Moreover, the invention provides mineral engineering machinery based on the bearing block and the bearing block oil cavity cleaning and lubricating system.