The invention provides a pressure control device and a pressure increasing and decreasing control method. The pressure control device comprises a power assembly, a transmission assembly and a pressureregulating valve connected in sequence, wherein under the condition that a bidirectional clutch in the transmission assembly is in a first transmission state, when the power assembly moves in the first direction, the bidirectional clutch is engaged to drive the pressure regulating valve to carry out pressurization action, and when the power assembly is reversely reset in the second direction, thebidirectional clutch is separated; under the condition that the bidirectional clutch is in a second transmission state, when the power assembly moves in the second direction, the bidirectional clutchis engaged to drive the pressure regulating valve to perform pressure reduction action, and when the power assembly is reversely reset in the first direction, the bidirectional clutch is separated. By the adoption of the bidirectional clutch, the process of increasing and reducing the pressure of a hydraulic system is realized, the structural assemblies are simplified, and the equipment utilization rate is high; and the pressure control device has the advantages that pressure regulating operation is simple and convenient, occupied mounting space is small, the structural cost is low and energyconsumption is low.