The invention relates to an optical fiber tension measuring device and system, and in particular relates to the field of tension detection. The optical fiber tension measuring device comprises a light source, a first stress part, a second stress part, an elastic part, an optical fiber and an optical detector, when tension needs to be detected, the tension acts on the first stress part and the second stress part of the optical fiber tension measuring device, under the action of the first stress part and the second stress part, the elastic part deforms, the elastic part acts tension and pressure on the optical fiber to enable the optical fiber to deform, and then the transmission loss of the optical fiber is changed, so that the light intensity of an optical signal emitted through the optical fiber is changed, and the emergent light intensity of the optical signal is detected through the optical detector; and according to the corresponding relationship between the light intensity and the to-be-measured tension, the to-be-measured tension is acquired.