The invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tubular 
fixed bed reactor for segmented cooling in a catalytic 
bed layer, the reactor comprises an upper seal head, a cylinder and a lower seal head, the upper seal head is provided with a feed gas inlet; a 
reaction product outlet is formed in the bottom of the lower sealing head; 
continuous reaction tube nests are arranged in the 
barrel to be filled with a catalyst, the upper ends of the 
reaction tube nests are fixedly connected to the upper tube plate, and the lower ends of the 
reaction tube nests are connected with the lower tube plate; the 
barrel is divided into two or more cooling sections, each cooling section is provided with a 
cooling medium inlet and a 
cooling medium outlet, a partition tube plate is arranged between every two adjacent cooling sections, and the 
cooling medium temperature of the second cooling section is lower than that of the first cooling section. By optimizing the temperature of the cooling medium and the segmentation position, the heat exchange effect is improved, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction hot-spot temperature is reduced, uniform distribution of axial and radial temperatures of the 
bed layer is facilitated, temperature runaway of the 
bed layer is avoided, meanwhile, the 
pipe diameter of the 
reaction tube nest can be increased, the number of the reaction tubes can be reduced, and the reaction pressure drop can be reduced.