Provided is a reduction gear for an SCARA industrial robot. A motor is arranged on a forearm, the tail end of the forearm is connected with a ball spline mechanism through a bearing, and the motor outputs torque and rotating speed to a ball spline through a first level synchronous belt and a second level synchronous belt. According to the reduction gear for the SCARA industrial robot, an alternative solution of a harmonic drive is provided, a reducing mechanism with compound transmission through the second level synchronous belt is adopted, the barycener offset distance of the SCARA robot is reduced, and the improvement of the acceleration performance of the whole machine is facilitated; meanwhile, the reduction gear for the SCARA industrial robot has the advantages of being long in service face, high in precision, high in speed, stable in transmission, high in space utilization, low in heat productivity, low in noise and the like, the use performance is improved, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.