The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent sheep reproductive capacity detection, and discloses an intelligent sheep reproductive capacity detection system and method. The system comprises a sheep image collection module, a sign information collection module, a gene information collection module, a main control module, a health monitoring module, a reproductive number calculationmodule, a reproductive evaluation module, a cloud service module, and a display module. The method for collecting data through the health monitoring module is simple, the data content is rich, individual data with relatively high reliability can be generated after data mining, manpower simplification and cost reduction of a farm are facilitated, behavior monitoring and source tracing of the individual sheep growth process are accurate, and real-time monitoring of the sheep health state is achieved; meanwhile, gray processing, splicing processing, filtering, threshold processing and the like are carried out on the shot image through a reproduction number calculation module, the shot image is converted into a binary image, and contour retrieval is carried out in the binary image to obtain the number of sheep reproduction groups.