The invention provides a self-recovery image encryption and decryption method combining zero watermarks and block classification fusion. During encryption, first, small blocks are divided into four types according to a frequency domain alternation coefficient of the small blocks in an image to be encrypted, and corresponding alternating current and direct current coefficients are reserved to serve as a restoration reference matrix; second, main information of the small blocks which are scrambled in position and auxiliary information of an original position reference matrix are fused, and authentication information of the fused small blocks is acquired according to an encoding matrix; third, direct current components and the block types of the scrambled small blocks before fusion and the authentication information of the fused small blocks are used as the zero watermarks stored in a third public trust party; and last, the image is reconstructed from the fused small blocks, and global position scrambling is performed to generate an encrypted image. During recovery, first, the fused small blocks are reconstructed, the main information and auxiliary information authentication relation and zero watermark recovery main information are utilized, and a decrypted image is reconstructed. Compared with existing methods, the method can be used for effectively encrypting the image and performing a certain recovery against a channel attack, thereby having higher application value.