48results about How to "Good gas diffusion" patented technology

It is difficult to realize a small fuel cell capable of being installed in mobile device by merely downsizing a conventional fuel cell without changing the configuration. The present invention provides a small fuel cell employing a polymer electrolyte thin film, by using a semiconductor process. A polymer electrolyte thin film fuel cell in accordance with the present invention comprises: a substrate having a plurality of openings; an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly formed on the substrate so as to cover each of the openings, the assembly comprising a first catalyst electrode layer, a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a second catalyst electrode layer which are formed successively; and fuel and oxidant supply means for supplying a fuel or an oxidant gas to the first catalyst electrode layer through the openings, and an oxidant gas or a fuel to the second catalyst electrode layer.

To improve a CO conversion in stoichiometry-lean atmosphere, and additionally to prevent the rise of pressure loss.A catalytic coating layer 2 is constituted of a lower layer 20 including an oxygen storage capacity material and an upper layer 21 being formed on a surface of the lower layer 20 and including a catalytic noble metal, and a thickness of the upper layer is adapted so as to be 5 μm-40 μm. The upper layer 21 is good in terms of gas diffusibility, and thereby OSC resulting from the oxygen storage capacity material being included in the lower layer 20 is demonstrated maximally.

The present invention provides an oxygen-reduction gas diffusion cathode having: a porous conductive substrate; diamond particle having a hydrophobic surface; and catalyst particle, the diamond particle and the catalyst particle being disposed on the porous conductive substrate, and a method of sodium chloride electrolysis using the cathode.

A catalyst for treating an exhaust gas has at least a carrier and plural layers formed on the carrier, wherein at least one layer of the above plural layers has an interstice in the layer, and at least one layer of the above plural layers contains a catalyst component. The above catalyst for treating an exhaust gas allows the enhancement of the diffusion of an exhaust gas in a catalyst layer, which results in the improvement of catalyst efficiency.

Dimensional change occurring in a fuel cell electrolyte including a basic polymer after the electrolyte is doped with acid is regulated and the occurrence of wrinkles and the like is reduced. A fuel cell electrolyte comprises a basic polymer and an organic phosphonic acid expressed by the following general formula (1): where R represents an alkyl, aryl, acyl, amino, phosphonic group or a derivative of the functional group, and n is 1 or 2

To improve a CO conversion in stoichiometry-lean atmosphere, and additionally to prevent the rise of pressure loss.A catalytic coating layer 2 is constituted of a lower layer 20 including an oxygen storage capacity material and an upper layer being formed on a surface of the lower layer 20 and including a catalytic noble metal, and a thickness of the upper layer is adapted so as to be 5 μm-40 μm. The upper layer 21 is good in terms of gas diffusibility, and thereby OSC resulting from the oxygen storage capacity material being included in the lower layer 20 is demonstrated maximally.

The invention discloses a low-pressure and low-humidity gas diffusion layer, a fuel cell and a preparation method. The gas diffusion layer comprises a conductive porous substrate layer, a hydrophobiclow-humidity adaptation layer and a micro-porous low-pressure adaptation layer. The conductive porous substrate layer includes a carbon fiber substrate sub-layer, a compressive sub-layer and uniformlydistributed conductive particles. The hydrophobic low-humidity adaptation layer is at least formed on the surface of the conductive porous substrate layer, and can lock a part of water to keep a proton exchange membrane wet in a low-humidity (0-70%) operation environment. The micro-porous low-pressure adaptation layer includes a porous material which is formed on one side of the hydrophobic low-humidity adaptation layer and uniformly distributed. The micro-porous low-pressure adaptation layer is hydrophobic, and the pores can ensure that the fuel permeates the gas diffusion layer and reachesthe proton exchange membrane to participate in the reaction in a low-pressure (0-75kPa) operation environment. Through the technical scheme, the mechanical strength of the gas diffusion layer can be improved, the gas diffusion layer has excellent gas diffusion performance and drainage performance, the fuel cell is enabled to operate stably in low-pressure and low-humidity environments, and technical support is provided for the adjustment of the bulk resistance.

A fuel cell system (with reference to a single cell arrangement) comprising means to provide for the motion-movement of an assembly comprised of an electrolyte sandwiched between an anode-electrode and a cathode-electrode; said motion-movement serving to accelerate electrochemical activity within the fuel cell by providing for accelerated reactant exposure to respective electrodes; including instant centrifugal water removal at the cathode-electrode surface; and boosted cooling to said anode-electrode; while offering accelerated (anti electroosmotic) moisturizing to the specific benefit of the anode side of a polymer-electrolyte.

A fuel cell electrode catalyst includes: a noble-metal-supported catalyst including a carbon support and a noble metal supported on the carbon support; and a water-repellent material with which the noble-metal-supported catalyst is modified. The carbon support is mesoporous carbon in which a pore volume of pores having a pore size of 2 nm to 5 nm is 2.1 ml / g to 2.4 ml / g. An amount of the water-repellent material is 3% by weight to 7% by weight with respect to a total weight of the mesoporous carbon and the water-repellent material.

A honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body including porous partition walls defining a plurality of cells serving as fluid passages extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face. The partition walls have a porosity of 45 to 65%; the open frontal area of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more, of the pores open on the surface of each partition wall, is 20 to 50%; the pore density of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 200 to 1,000 pores / mm2; the median opening diameter of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 40 to 60 μm; the circularity of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 1.8 to 4.0; and the partition walls have a wet area of 16,500 μm2 or more.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid oxide electrolytic cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen electrode of a solid oxide electrolytic cell, a preparation method of the hydrogen electrode, and the solid oxide electrolytic cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing NiO, yttria-stabilized zirconia, a second pore-forming agent and a solvent to obtain a second mixture, arranging the second mixture on the surface of a hydrogen electrode support body, conducting drying, and performing presintering to obtain a pre-hydrogen electrode, wherein a mass ratio of NiO to yttria-stabilized zirconia is (0.6-2.3): 1; and step 2, arranging nanoparticles on the pre-hydrogen electrode, and conducting sintering to obtain the hydrogen electrode of the solid oxide electrolytic cell. The hydrogen electrode of the solid oxide electrolytic cell and the preparation method of the hydrogen electrode in the invention can effectively solve the technical problems of poor uniformity and controllability of a pore structure and porosity of existing Ni-YSZ porous metal ceramic.

Provide is a catalytic converter including a substrate which includes regions having different cell densities, in which exhaust gas purification performance is superior in all the regions of the substrate.A catalytic converter 10 includes catalyst layers in which a noble metal catalyst is supported on a support in surfaces of cell walls 2 of a substrate 1 having a cell structure in a longitudinal direction of the substrate 1 in which gas flows, in which the substrate 1 has a first region 1A having a relatively high cell density and a second region 1B having a relatively low cell density, and a ratio of a thickness of a catalyst layer 3A in the second region 1B to a thickness of a catalyst layer 3 in the first region 1A is in a range of more than 0.95 times and 1.2 times or less.

A fuel cell electrolyte comprises: a basic polymer; an organic phosphonic acid expressed by the following general formula (1); and a hydrolyzable phosphate compound expressed by the following general formula (2):where R represents an alkyl, aryl, acyl, amino, phosphonic group or a derivative of the functional group, and n is 1 or 2, and R represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

A fuel cell electrolyte comprises: a basic polymer; an organic phosphonic acid expressed by the following general formula (1); and a hydrolyzable phosphate compound expressed by the following general formula (2):where R represents an alkyl, aryl, acyl, amino, phosphonic group or a derivative of the functional group, and n is 1 or 2, and R represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy sources, in particular to a lithium carbon dioxide battery electrode sheet without binder and conductive agent and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, placing the foamed nickel which has removed the surface oxide layer in a copper salt solution, and then cleaning and drying the foamed nickel; S2, placing the dried foamed nickel in a mixed solution for hydrothermal reaction, taking out, cleaning and drying to obtain a battery electrode sheet precursor; The mixed solution contains copper ions and nickel ions, and a homogeneous precipitant is added; S3, placing the precursor of the battery electrode sheet in a position containing S<2->, After the reaction in the solution, take out, wash, dry, get the battery electrode piece. The method needs no binder and conductive agent, is simple in manufacturing process and low in cost, and ensures effective diffusion of carbon dioxide gas at the same time.

An exhaust gas purifying catalyst is constituted by: noble metal particles (1); first compounds (2) which support the noble metal particles (1); second compounds (3) different in type from the first compounds (2); and oxides (4) which surround the noble metal particles (1), the first compounds (2) and the second compounds (3). A median diameter of the first compounds (2) and a median diameter of the second compounds (3) satisfy a relationship of a following inequality:median diameter of first compounds<median diameter of second compounds.

A honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body including porous partition walls defining a plurality of cells serving as fluid passages extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face. The partition walls have a porosity of 45 to 65%; the open frontal area of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more, of the pores open on the surface of each partition wall, is 20 to 50%; the pore density of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 200 to 1,000 pores / mm2; the median opening diameter of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 40 to 60 μm; the circularity of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is 1.8 to 4.0; and the partition walls have a wet area of 16,500 μm2 or more.

One purpose of this invention is to provide a porous electrode substrate that has a low manufacturing cost, has sufficient conductivity and gas diffusion characteristics, and shows favorable power generation ability with minor structural changes in the porous electrode substrate, as well as a method for manufacturing such a porous electrode substrate. An additional purpose of this invention is to provide a membrane-electrode joint and a solid polymer fuel cell that comprise such a porous electrode substrate. This invention is: a method for manufacturing a porous electrode substrate that comprises a step (1) in which a dispersion fluid comprising a carbon powder (C) and a fluorine-based resin is applied to one or both surfaces of a precursor sheet wherein carbon short fibers (A1) are dispersed in planar orientations with the fiber orientations being substantially within the same plane, and as a result the fluorine-based resin that contains the carbon powder (C) in the vicinity of the surface layer of one side or both sides of the precursor sheet is distributed unevenly to form a precursor sheet with unevenly-distributed fluorine-based resin, and a step (2) in which after the aforementioned step (1) the precursor sheet with unevenly-distributed fluorine-based resin is heat-treated at a temperature 150 DEG C or higher and less than 400 DEG C; a porous electrode substrate manufactured using this manufacturing method; and a solid polymer fuel cell that uses this porous electrode substrate.

A fuel cell is provided that includes a cell structure, a pair of separators and a plurality of at least partially porous ribs. The cell structure includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte membrane, the anode and the cathode being laminated on opposite sides of the electrolyte membrane, respectively. The separators are disposed on both surfaces of the cell structure with gas passages being defined by the separators and the cell structure for circulating two types of gas for power generation. The porous ribs porous ribs are disposed successively on an entire cross-section of the gas passage in a transverse direction with a flow direction of the gas for power generation.

When sizes of particles supporting a catalyst metal remain relatively large but sizes of particles not supporting a catalyst metal are minimized among metal oxide particles included in a catalyst coating layer, it is possible to decrease a thickness of the catalyst coating layer while maintaining durability and improve gas diffusibility of the coating layer. Therefore, a thickness of the catalyst coating is decreased without decreasing durability and a catalyst can exhibit high exhaust gas purification performance even under high load conditions.

Provide is a catalytic converter including a substrate which includes regions having different cell densities, in which exhaust gas purification performance is superior in all the regions of the substrate.A catalytic converter 10 includes catalyst layers in which a noble metal catalyst is supported on a support in surfaces of cell walls 2 of a substrate 1 having a cell structure in a longitudinal direction of the substrate 1 in which gas flows, in which the substrate 1 has a first region 1A having a relatively high cell density and a second region 1B having a relatively low cell density, and a ratio of a thickness of a catalyst layer 3A in the second region 1B to a thickness of a catalyst layer 3 in the first region 1A is in a range of more than 0.95 times and 1.2 times or less.

A fuel cell electrolyte according to one aspect of the invention contains a basic polymer and a phosphate compound expressed by the following general formula (1):where R represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

A gas-permeable substrate comprising: a porous metal plate provided with a plurality of holes constituting openings on an upper surface and / or a lower surface thereof; and particles filled into the holes . In this gas permeable substrate, at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the porous metal plate is substantially smooth.

A water control sheet having superior drainage and gas diffusion properties and superior handling characteristics, and a gas diffusion sheet, a membrane-electrode assembly and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which utilize the water control sheet, are provided. The water control sheet is independent and located for use adjacent to a catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and is formed of a nonwoven fabric containing conductive fibers containing conductive particles at least inside a hydrophobic organic resin. The gas diffusion sheet, the membrane-electrode assembly and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention have the above water control sheet.

A precursor fiber sheet includes short carbon fibers having an average length of 3 to 10 mm, natural pulp having an ash content of 0.15 mass % or less, and a heat-carbonizable resin, and a porous carbon sheet is obtained by carbonizing the precursor fiber sheet. This enhances gas diffusibility and water removal properties of the porous carbon sheet and has high mechanical strength and few appearance defects even when the bulk density of the porous carbon sheet is lowered.