The invention discloses a 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole micromolecule main body material. The 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole micromolecule main body material contains one or multiple electrophilic 1, 2, 4-oxadiazoles which serve as electron acceptor units, wherein the tail ends of molecules are connected to electron donor units. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the micromolecule main body material. The preparation method is characterized in that a dibromo substituted intermediate, namely a 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole compound is prepared by using bromobenzonitrile as a reaction raw material, and then electron donor units are connected to the dibromo substituted intermediate, namely the 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole compound through Suzuki coupling reaction. The invention also discloses an application of the 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole micromolecule main body material. The 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole micromolecule main body material has relatively good solubility and film-forming property, relatively strong eletrophilicity, relatively low LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level and relatively high electronic mobility.