The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle charging system suitable for power line cruising. The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a charging platform and a charging network platform, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a power receiving module, a power management module, a positioning module, an infrared code transmitting module and a foot rest; the wireless chargingreceiving module comprises a rectification filtering module, a power control module, an impact protection circuit module and a magnetic field induction detection module, the power supply management module comprises an AD sampling controller and an electric quantity monitoring module, the positioning module comprises a GPS positioning module, an inertial motion module and a height acquisition module, and the inertial motion module comprises a nine-axis motion sensor; the height acquisition module comprises a barometer and an ultrasonic sensor; the charging platform comprises a wireless charging emission module, an energy management control module, an infrared ray positioning module, an infrared ray bar code identification module and a data connection management module. The system has advantages of being good in charging stability, safe, reliable and convenient to use.