The invention discloses a wastewater anaerobic reaction system for recycling waste heat through heat pipes. The wastewater anaerobic reaction system comprises a biogas boiler, an upflow anaerobic reactor and heat pipes. The wastewater anaerobic reaction system is characterized in that wastewater is conveyed into the upflow anaerobic reactor to produce biogas via anaerobic reaction, the biogas is collected in a gas collection chamber and is introduced into a biogas purifier, the biogas is purified and can meet the combustion requirement, part of the biogas is introduced into the biogas boiler to generate mass hot water, the hot water is supplied to the upflow anaerobic reactor through a water pump to heat wastewater, and the temperature of the upflow anaerobic reactor is maintained to be areaction temperature for anerobic reaction fermentation. In addition, waste heat in outflow of the upflow anaerobic reactor is transferred to inflow of the upflow anaerobic reactor through the heat pipes, so that the temperature of the inflow of the upflow anaerobic reactor is increased. The biogas generated by the upflow anerobic reactor through fermenting is utilized; the temperature in the upflow anaerobic reactor is maintained within an optimal temperature range; therefore, activity of microbes is improved, and organic loading capacity of the upflow anerobic reactor is improved.