The invention discloses a live line and zero line identifying/converting circuit for a charger. The circuit comprises a third diode, a fourth diode, a third optical coupling silicon controlled rectifier, a fourth optical coupling silicon controlled rectifier, a third filtering capacitor, a fourth filtering capacitor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, wherein the charger comprises a first bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier and a second bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier, when the ac input ends (1, 2) are connected with the commercial power input, one of the optical coupling silicon controlled rectifiers works to enable that the bidirectional silicon control rectifier connected with the zero line is short-circuited, so that the zero line is directly connected with the polarity output end, and the live line has the charging, converting and isolating functions via the other bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier. Thus, it is ensured that the live line at the ac input end is not directly connected with the polarity output end of the charger, the safety factor is high, and electric shock does not occur when a storage battery is charged.