The invention discloses a hand exoskeleton device for rehabilitation training. The hand exoskeleton device comprises an opisthenar mechanism, a power source, an index finger exoskeleton, a middle finger exoskeleton, a ring finger exoskeleton, a little finger exoskeleton and a thumb exoskeleton. The opisthenar mechanism comprises an opisthenar platform, a motor support and a screw support. The power source comprises an index finger part, a middle finger part, a ring finger part and a little finger part. The index finger exoskeleton, the middle finger exoskeleton, the ring finger exoskeleton and the little finger exoskeleton each comprise a connecting rod, a far knuckle support, a transition connecting rod, a middle knuckle support, a transmission connecting rod, a driving connecting rod and a near knuckle support. The thumb exoskeleton comprises a thumb driving rod, a thumb transmission rod, a thumb connecting rod, a thumb near knuckle support, a thumb far knuckle support, a thumb motor, a thumb screw rod, a thumb sliding block, a thumb screw rod support, a thumb sliding block connecting rod, a thumb motor support and a thumb back platform. The whole device is light, low in cost and easy to assemble, and solves the problems that in an existing hand rehabilitation device, all fingers are not independent from one another, the bending angle is limited, fine actions are difficult to achieve, and cost is high.