Provided is a distribution network access layer communication system construction method based on long term evolution (LTE) technique. The method is combined with requirements of a distribution network and achieves safe, reliable and efficient transmission of data of distribution automation businesses, collection reading businesses, negative control businesses, bidirectional speech / video businesses and video monitoring businesses and the like based on the LTE technique. The method comprises optimizing LTE wireless resource scheduling algorithm, combining wireless resource dynamic adjustment with a resource forecast mechanism, scheduling management data, new transmission data and retransmission data, managing data including control information of a radio resource control (RRC) layer aiming at user experience (UE), broadcast control channel (BCCH) control information, paging control channel (PCCH) control information and random access (RA) information; and maintaining RRC control information queues, BCCH control information queues, PCCH control information queues, RA information queues, new transmission data queues and retransmission data queues. Transmission of control information data is preferentially guaranteed, and business areas are separated from angle of resource distribution and strictly meet quality of service (QoS) parameters of businesses.