The invention provides application of a fumarate compound to the preparation of an adjusting
medicine for a macrophage subpopulation. Discovered experimentally, the fumarate compound can be used for decreasing the level of a pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophage of a
mammal, and meanwhile, can be used for raising the level of an anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophage, and such a change is clear to realize by promoting the differentiation of the M1-type macrophage to the M2-type macrophage. On this basis, the fumarate compound is discovered to be capable of increasing the expression quantities of a nuclear
transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) of an anti-oxidation
transcription factor and a
target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) thereof, so as to promote the differentiation of the M1-type macrophage to the M2-type macrophage, and therefore, the mechanism of the action of the fumarate compound in the adjustment of the macrophage subpopulation is clear. Based on the above newly discovered new properties, the new purpose for preparing the adjusting
medicine for the macrophage subpopulation by utilizing the fumarate compound is determined by the application of the fumarate compound to the preparation of the adjusting
medicine for the macrophage subpopulation, so that a new treatment approach is provided for multiple diseases which use the maladjustment of the macrophage subpopulation as an effect.