The invention discloses a random screen unlocking system of mobile terminal equipment. The random screen unlocking system comprises a configuration module, a screen monitoring module, a screen locking module, a touch event handling module and a touch release event handling module. A random screen unlocking method based on the random screen unlocking system comprises the following steps of: when a screen is turned off, computing a position set of each key and each lock, namely a starting point and an ending point of an unlocking path, by using a randomization algorithm, and generating a screen locking interface according to the set; when the screen is turned on, displaying an unlocking icon, and monitoring the touch of a user; when the user touches the key on the screen, namely the starting point of the unlocking path, generating a dynamic icon which moves along with a movement track of a finger of the user; when the user releases the key on the lock, judging whether the user puts the correct key on the correct lock; and if so, successfully unlocking the screen. By the invention, the paths of unlocking operation at each time are different, screen loss caused by long-term sliding is reduced, the probability of misoperation is reduced, the quantity of matched combinations is increased, and the safety of screen locking is ensured.