The invention relates to a road evenness detection method and a road evenness detection system. The road evenness detection method, which enables a test vehicle to run on a road to be detected to acquire the evenness of the road to be detected, includes the following steps: the triaxial acceleration signal, direction signal and position and speed signals of the tested vehicle are acquired; trained classifiers are adopted to filter pavement events corresponding to the acceleration signal, the direction signal and the position and speed signals within the same period of time in order to acquire road evenness information; the classifiers comprise a first classifier, a second classifier, a third classifier, a fourth classifier and a fifth classifier, the first classifier is used for filtering the manhole cover and pavement speed-reducing device events according to the direction signal, the other interference events are filtered by the second classifier, the third classifier, the fourth classifier and the fifth classifier, consequently, the interference events in road detection are filtered, and finally, an accurately detected road pit condition is obtained.