The invention discloses a method and device for extending an immediate operand in a computer instruction. At least one immediate operand extending instruction is newly increased in an RISC instruction system, during the programming process, an immediate operand the digit number of which is larger than the length of an immediate operand domain of an execution instruction is divided into a high-order immediate operand field and a low-order immediate operand field, the high-order immediate operand field is subjected to signed extension or unsigned extension and then is stored in the immediate operand domain of the immediate operand extending instruction, and the low-order immediate operand field just fills up the immediate operand domain of the execution instruction; during the instruction fetching process, the newly-increased immediate operand extending instruction and the execution instruction following closely are sent into respective decoders synchronously to carry out decoding; during the decoding process, the immediate operand output by the immediate operand extending instruction decoder is subjected to logical left shift and then is merged with the immediate operand output by the execution instruction decoder, after the merging process, the immediate operand the digit number of which is larger than the length of the immediate operand domain of the execution instruction is obtained. By employing the method for extending the immediate operand in the computer instruction, the program execution efficiency can be greatly improved, and time and space are saved.