The invention provides an AUV emergency alarm buoy. The buoy can be released when an AUV is trapped underwater and positioning and alarm can be performed through the buoy. The AUV emergency alarm buoy comprises a support, a buoyancy block, a power supply system, a control system, a stroboscope lamp, a positioning antenna, a communication antenna, a depth gauge, an electric explosive bolt and a mooring line. The buoy is provided with a power supply which is independent of the AUV, the power supply supplies power for the control module, the stroboscope lamp and the depth gauge, the buoy is fixed to the AUV body through the electric explosive bolt, the buoyancy block is used for providing positive buoyancy, and the buoy can float upwards to the water surface after the electric explosive bolt is exploded, so that people can figure out the position of the device. After floating upwards, the buoy is still connected to the AUV body through the mooring line, and thus rescue can be carried out. The AUV emergency alarm buoy is compact in structure design, low in cost and applicable to being installed and used in AUVs which work near the bottom or at offshore sea having more foreign objects in water.