The invention discloses an 
atmosphere fine particle spatial and temporal distribution Raman 
mie scattering laser radar surveying device. The device works at the wavelengths of 532nm, 355nm and 387nm and is provided with four detection channels. A 
light source is an Nd: YAG 
solid laser. According to the transmitting optical design, a single multi-
wavelength coupling transmitting 
telescope is used. According to the receiving optical 
system design, a receiving 
telescope which is high in efficiency and small in 
caliber is used. According to the subsequent optical design, a multi-channel subsequent optical 
system is used. Expansion is facilitated, and a high protection grade and the high electromagnetic-interference-resisting capability are achieved. Detection light for detecting the 
wavelength of 532nm and detection light for detecting the 
wavelength of 355nm share the same transmitting 
telescope. A transmitting optical 
system and a receiving optical system are coaxially designed, and the systems are provided with small detection dead zones and designed with 387nm wavelength 
nitrogen Raman detection channels. Detection of the 
laser radar ratio close to a 
ground layer can be achieved, the detection precision of the systems is ensured, and synchronous 
remote sensing detection on multiple parameters of 
atmosphere fine particles is achieved. The device can be launched into the 
atmosphere at any angle so as to achieve all-weather on-line detection on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the atmosphere fine particles. The device has the advantages of being high in detection precision, little in inversion error, high in spatial and 
temporal resolution and the like.