The invention relates to an energy collection and power control method for a cognitive radio sensor network. According to the method, with the purpose of maximizing network throughput, through adoption of a mathematical optimization method, optimized resource allocation is carried out on data transmission time and transmitting power of cognitive sensor nodes in the network. According to the methodprovided by the invention, on the premise of not influencing a primary user, continuous transmission of the cognitive radio sensor network can be realized in a licensed band; and moreover, fixed energy sources do not need to be configured for the cognitive sensor nodes, so long-term working and flexible deployment can be realized. Through adoption of the method provided by the invention, the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency can be improved at the same time, and green coexistence of the cognitive radio sensor network and a primary user network can be realized.