The invention discloses a user-side distributed energy storage device, which comprises a mobile device, an energy storage box and a fire extinguishing system, and is characterized in that the energy storage box is mounted on the mobile device, and the fire extinguishing system is mounted on the energy storage box; the energy storage box comprises a box body, a plurality of battery modules, a plurality of battery supports, a battery management system, a first bidirectional inverter, a second bidirectional inverter and a monitoring system. The plurality of battery supports are distributed and mounted in the box body; the battery modules are mounted on the battery supports, and the plurality of battery modules are connected with the battery management system; and the box body is provided witha power grid side power interface and a user side power interface. Through the energy storage box, timely regulation and control of power grid power utilization are realized, and the power utilization experience of a user is improved; by arranging a heating device and a heat dissipation device, the environment in the energy storage box is kept in a constant-temperature state, and the service lifeof the battery module is prolonged; and through the fault detection device, the fault type is detected more accurately, the device is simple, and the detection range is wide.