The invention relates to a battery temperature estimation method based on a thermal-neural network coupling model, and belongs to the technical field of battery management. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a to-be-tested battery, collecting and sorting the specification and key geometric parameters of the battery, and obtaining an experimental data set required by battery model establishment and temperature estimation; s2, a low-order thermal model of the battery is established based on a Chebyshev Galerkin approximation method by considering the thermal effect of the tab, parameter identification is carried out to obtain unknown parameters of the thermal model, and the key temperature of the battery is estimated in real time in combination with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm; s3, establishing and training a battery data driving model based on a long-short-term memory neural network, and determining a mapping relation between battery heat production, a state of charge (SOC) and an environment temperature and a battery key temperature; and S4, coupling the physical thermal model and the neural network model through an integrated learning algorithm adaboost, and optimizing the fusion weight of the physical thermal model and the neural network model, thereby realizing accurate battery temperature estimation.