The invention puts forward a photothermal power station with electric heating devices and a modeling and operation optimization method of the photothermal power station. A model is applicable to the independent operation photothermal power station, a multi-energy complementary system with wind power, photovoltaic and photothermal power generation functions and other scenes, and multiple operationconstraints are considered and comprise a thermal power balance constraint with hot salt tanks as nodes, a thermoelectric conversion relation constraint of the electric heating devices, a heat tank hourly heat accumulation state constraint, a constraint that stored heat is equal to released heat in a calculation cycle, a thermoelectric conversion constraint of a turbonator, a starting heat constraint and an electric power balance constraint of a steam turbine, a wind curtailment and photoelectric power constraint used for the electric heating devices, and other constraints. The mixed integer linear optimization technology is adopted to solve the optimization problem. By additionally installing an appropriate amount of electric heating devices in the photothermal power station, the electricquantity curtailment of new energy can be effectively reduced, the photothermal electric energy production is increased, and the operation economy of the photothermal power station and the multi-energy complementary system is improved.