The invention discloses a backboard interface SMI and UART multiplexing method, and can solve the technical problems that in the design process of an existing router, the number of main control singleboard connectors needing to be designed and the number of layers of a backboard are large, and the design is complex. Based on a main control single board, a backboard unit and an interface single board, the method comprises the following steps that S100, an interface card is powered on, and whether a CPU exists on the single board or not is judged through a Uart interface of a CPU; S200, a body_ on signal of the interface single board and an SMI register are set; S300, the main control logic receives the body _ on signal of the interface single board, and an SMI interface is started to access an interface single board SMI register; And S400, whether the backboard interface is an SMI interface or not according to the value of the register is judged, the backboard interface is set as a Uart interface and the SMI interface is closed if not. According to the backboard interface SMI and UART multiplexing method, the number of connectors of a backboard main control slot position can be reduced, and the design of an interface single board cpu is reduced.