The invention discloses a modelling method and system based on position top-k keyword query under a sliding window. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a geographical range covered by a quadtree and a node-splitting rule are determined; 2, a data flow is received, and data is inserted into nodes; 3, nodes which conform to the node-slitting rule in step 1 are split, and the intact quadtree is generated constantly by data inserting; 4, the word frequency of each leaf node is counted, and an reverse index of each leaf node is stored; 5, MG aggregated abstract information of each child node of each nonleaf node is stored; 6, the size of the sliding window needs to be maintained in the data inserting processes in step 4 and 5, a data item provided with the oldest timestamp is deleted, the newest data is added, and the index structure of the quadtree is adjusted. By means of the method, the cost is effectively reduced, the query speed is effectively improved, and geographical text data flows with high arrival rates can be processed.