The invention provides a preparation method for a low-cost environmentally-friendly modified phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing leftover materials and waste and old materials of a phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board, expandable phenolic resin, talcum 
powder, a modifier, a surfactant and a 
foaming agent, performing uniform stirring, adding a curing agent, performing stirring, and pouring the obtained material into a mold to obtain the phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board. According to the invention, the single solving method is adopted, thus environmental 
pollution of the leftover materials and the waste and old materials of the phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board is reduced, 
energy consumption of the phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board production is reduced, storage problems of a large number of leftover materials and waste and old materials in practical production are solved, industrial costs are reduced, improvement of 
economic benefits is facilitated, and meanwhile the strength and the 
toughness of the phenolic resin fireproof thermal-insulation board are improved, the 
brittleness is reduced, and requirements of buildings external wall construction (an external wall 
thermal insulation system) are met.