The invention discloses a method for conducting goaf partial filling according to ground surface subsidence characteristics. The method comprises the steps that the positions of filling bodies are designed according to a ground surface subsidence contour map; complete filling is conducted within a central area range, and a subsidence center is controlled; multiple circles of filling strips are arranged outside the complete filling range, and a larger subsidence region is controlled; multiple rows of filling monomers are arranged outside the filling strips, and a subsidence edge region is controlled; the filling bodies with different shapes are arranged in a goaf in a targeted mode, deformation destruction and ground surface subsidence of a roof are controlled, a filling body-roof structure control system is formed, and deformation destruction and ground surface subsidence of an upper overlying strata are controlled; narrow filling strip goaf-side retained roadways are arranged, the roadway driving workload of the next working face is reduced, and the goaf is filled in a sealed mode. According to the method for conducting goaf partial filling according to the ground surface subsidence characteristics, deformation destruction and ground surface subsidence of the roof can be effectively controlled, the recovery rate of coal mining under buildings, railways and water bodies is increased, and the environment is protected; filling materials are saved, the filling cost is reduced, and a large amount of underground space formed through filling is reused.