The invention discloses a thirteen-freedom spraying robot for an outer surface of a large ship body, and relates to a spraying robot for the outer surface of the ship body. Current equipment is divided into a ship body surface adsorption type and a framework movable type, wherein the ship body surface adsorption type is high in requirement on surface smoothness of the ship body and is poor in reliability while the framework movable type is poor in flexibility, so that the reverse spraying rate of spraying is high, and the spraying quality is low. A mobile car body is arranged close to a sectional ship body; a seven-freedom hydraulic expanding arm is arranged on the mobile car body; a six-freedom light mechanical hand is arranged on the seven-freedom hydraulic expanding arm; the seven-freedom hydraulic expanding arm comprises a counterweight rotary plate, a first large arm, an auxiliary arm, a main arm, a telescopic arm, a short arm, a rotary supporting connector, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder, a third hydraulic cylinder, a fourth hydraulic cylinder, a fifth hydraulic cylinder, a sixth hydraulic cylinder, a first connector, a second connector and a third connector; a mechanical hand main body is fixedly mounted on a heavy-duty platform; and the heavy-duty platform is connected to the rotary supporting connector. The thirteen-freedom spraying robot is used for spraying the large ship body.