The invention provides a spherical display image processing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a to-be-displayed image to serve as a texture map and to be pasted on a model or a curved surface, and rendering the model or curved surface till a cubic texture or directly carrying out rendering; building a target image of a plane for spherical display according to the cubic texture, wherein the corresponding relation between the target image and the cubic texture is that the target image is located in a polar coordinate system and the pixel coordinates corresponding to each pixel of the target image are expressed through polar coordinates; enabling the polar coordinates of each pixel to be correspondingly converted into a three-dimensional coordinate point on the a spherical surface in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and enabling the color value, obtained through the sampling of the cubic texture at each three-dimensional coordinate point, of each point to be given to a corresponding pixel of the target image; carrying out the algorithm transformation in an actual implementation process with the help of a top point shader of a graphic platform directx or opengl, and achieving the high-efficiency and high-quality conversion output through a graphic display card, thereby enabling display to have no blind region, enabling display to be flexible, and enabling the operation efficiency to be high.