The invention is applied to the field of network communication, and provides a network topology structure based on a fat tree high scalability hypercube. The network topology structure comprises multiple switches and multiple servers. The switches employ a recursion unit hierarchical mode to form a topology network. A lowest recursion unit employs an m-port n- tree fat tree network structure, and the number of servers supported by the lower recursion unit is: g0=2*(m/2)n, wherein m is the number of ports of the switches in a fat tree, and n is the number of layers of the fat tree structure. In a network topology, the k-th port of the i-th switch at a highest layer is interconnected with the k-th server of the i-th subunit for realizing a multipath network topology structure, wherein i and k belong to a set of {1,2, ..., gk-1}. Through fusing a fat tree network topology in hierarchical recursion, the high scalability of the network topology is realized, at the same time, the characteristics of equal bandwidth and multipath performance of a fat tree network are also inherited, the bandwidth throughput is quite large, the fault tolerance is quite good, and the average time delay is quite small.