Immunoreactive compositions and methods for immunizing animal, including, humans, cows, and fowl, against cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives, including cholesterol oxides, and their use in methods for reducing and preventing lipid raft-based diseases, including, but not limited to HIV-1, SARS, prion formation in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and neutralizing oxidized modified lipoproteins, specifically, oxidized-LDL, oxidized-VLDL / IDL, and oxidized-chylomicrons, which contribute to the formation of fatty streaks and atherosclerotic plaques, are described.