38 results about "Sediment pollution" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for determining ecological dredging range of water body pollution bottom sediment, comprising steps of: performing space gridding to a water area; setting a sampling point, and obtaining bottom sediment pollution level attribute information of the sampling point; determining the water area requiring dredging after excluding the water area without dredging; processing space interpolation to the bottom sediment attribute information of the water area to cover an unsampled water area with the attribute information, and obtaining the mean value of the single attribute information of the space interpolation in a grid cell, and grading the attribute, and rounding the attribute mean value of the grid cell hierarchically; performing dimensionless standardization treatment of 0-1 numerical values to the hierarchically rounded attribute information, and obtaining the evaluation coefficient of each attribute of the grid cell, summing the evaluation coefficients of all attributes of the grid cell to obtain a comprehensive evaluation value of the grid cell; classifying the comprehensive evaluation values of all grid cells by a natural breaking method of geographic information software and determining the recommended dredging area as the ecological dredging range with high comprehensive evaluation value.

The present invention relates to a microbial fuel cell water purification method, particularly to coupling of ecological floating islands and microbial fuel cells, wherein the method can be used for ecological restoration of contaminated river courses, lakes and parks, residential districts and other landscape water bodies, and belongs to the water body pollution remediation in environmental projects. According to the present invention, the black and odor river sediment or city sludge is adopted as the bottom matter, the carbon felt is adopted as the anode, and the graphite disc is adopted as the cathode to construct SMFC; floating-bed plants are introduced, and are planted on the overlying water body by using the floating body to form the floating-bed plant-sediment microbiological fuel cell (P-SMFC); with the combination of the floating-bed plant root system secretion characteristics, the root system secretions provide nutrients for the rhizospheric microorganisms; and the root system radially secretes oxygen to make the rhizospheric zone form a lot of aerobic zones, and the oxygen secreted by the plant root zone can spread to the SMFC cathode, such that the cathode region dissolved oxygen concentration is increased, and the restoration performance of the SMFC on the sediment pollution and the overlying water pollution are improved.

Belonging to the technical field of soil and sediment pollution detection, the invention relates to a dispersive solid-phase extraction gas chromatography method for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and sediment. The method includes: adding n-hexane into a soil or sediment sample to conduct ultrasonic extraction, when the extraction liquid is basically colorless and transparent, subjecting the extraction liquid to rotary evaporation till dry, adding n-hexane, then adding 50-200mg of a N-propylethylenediamine solid phase adsorption agent to carry out dispersive solid-phase extraction, performing centrifugal layering, and introducing 1microliter of the supernatant into a gas chromatography-electron capture detector to conduct detection, otherwise adding a concentrated sulfuric acid purification step after ultrasonic extraction. The detection limit of 7 polychlorinated biphenyls is 0.02-0.03 microgram/kg, the recovery rate is 72-115%, and the relative standard deviation (n=5) is 3.5-6.9%. The method provided by the invention is simple and sensitive, and can quickly realize batch detection of PCBs in soil and sediment.

The invention discloses a water body heavy metal polluted sediment in-situ covering and repairing method. The water body heavy metal polluted sediment in-situ covering and repairing method is characterized in that at least one layer of a first covering layer, a second covering layer and a third covering layer is sequentially arranged on polluted river sediment or a river slope from bottom to top; filler in the first covering layer is a mixture of cerium modified zeolite and zero-valent iron; filler in the second covering layer is selective heavy metal curing filler; filler in the third covering layer is mixed filler of activated carbon and sand; a water body can be divided into a shallow water slow flowing water body, a deep water body and a torrent water body according to the depth and the flowing speed of the water body by the three covering layers, and the shallow water slow flowing water body, the deep water body and the torrent water body can be selectively combined. The water body heavy metal polluted sediment in-situ covering and repairing method disclosed by the invention aims at different sediment pollution situations; a covering body combines physical, chemical and biological repairing measures together through a way of stacking different structure layers up and down, so that sediment pollution is efficiently removed or reduced, and the covering layers and heavy metals adsorbed thereby can be well recycled.

The invention discloses an electric propulsion plume test evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: measuring ion beam density, electron concentration and space plasma potential of a main beam plume region and a backflow plume region to obtain a force effect of plume on a satellite solar wing and a thermal radiation effect evaluation result; measuring charging voltage and leakage current of different materials on the surface of a solar cell array in a plume plasma environment and surface potential of the solar cell array in the plume plasma environment to obtain charging and discharging effect evaluation results of the plume for the surfaces of the satellite solar wing and a satellite body; and measuring plasma plume pollution amount of sensitive equipment test samples on thesurfaces of the satellite solar wing and the satellite body to obtain a sediment pollution effect evaluation result of the plume for the sensitive equipment on the surfaces of the satellite solar wing and the satellite body. The method realizes test analysis and research of plume's pollution to satellite surface, ion sputtering corrosion and the impact of plume on satellite surface potential.

The invention provides a river/lake heavy metal pollution sediment in-situ coverage method and device. The method comprises the following steps: adding iron tailings to the surface layer of polluted sediment, evenly mixing, adding cement to the surface layer of the sediment, and evenly mixing to form a solidified coverage layer. The coverage device at least comprises two coverage units, wherein the coverage units are connected together in series; every two adjacent coverage units are connected together through a connecting frame which is connected with an undercarriage through a hydraulic cylinder; and each coverage unit comprises a frame, a fixed plate, a turnover board, an electric mixer and a feed port. By using iron tailing grains and cement as the coverage material, the invention caneffectively fix the heavy metals, lower the consumption of the coverage material, avoid reducing the effective volume of the river or lake due to excessive addition of the coverage material, effectively prevent the sediment from resuspension, effectively prevent the sediment pollution on the deep layer from releasing to the overlap water body, and reduce the adverse effect of the treatment process on the overlap water body.

The invention which relates to an analogue device for researches on water-deposit interface heavy metal release and form change under high water level conditions belongs to the fields of the environmental science and the environmental engineering. The device can be applied to the construction and deposit pollution after pollution discharge, of reservoirs in northern China, and the device is used for the researches on the influences of the change physical and chemical conditions (DO, ORP and pH) on the deposit-water interface heavy metal release and forms of heavy metals in the deposit under the high water level conditions. The heavy metal release risk under waterlogged conditions can be realized. The change of the forms of the heavy metals in the deposit after pollution under the waterlogged conditions, and influence factors thereof are further analyzed and researched, so influences caused by the basin deposit quality change and the hydrological condition change are subjected to accurate and continuous online monitoring.

The invention relates to a repair material special for riverway bottom sediment pollution and a preparation process thereof. The repair material is prepared from, by weight, 20-30 parts of medical stone, 10-20 parts of zeolite powder, 6-12 parts of molecular sieve, 4-6 parts of sodium silicate, 7-11 parts of fiber ball filter material, 20-25 parts of bentonite, 6-10 parts of 2 mg/L polyacrylamide solution, 30-40 parts of saw dust, 10-20 parts of humus, 6-8 parts of compound flora and 60-80 parts of deionized water. The repair material is easy to obtain, medical stone and zeolite are rich in nutrition and release nutrition, the survival rate of organisms in water is improved, the surface is in a porous shape, heavy metal ions in the water are effectively adsorbed, probiotic breeding can be effectively performed by adopting the compound flora, hazardous substances, excessive sulfide and the like in water are removed and are cured with other substances on the surface, sludge is cleared from the inside, dissolved oxygen is effectively released, and required nutrients are provided for the organisms.

The invention discloses a cross-layer pressed film pre-laying waterproof coiled material which comprises a sand grain layer, a first modified asphalt adhesive layer, a macromolecule strong cross pressed film layer, a second modified asphalt adhesive layer and a PE (polyethylene) isolation film layer. An overlap joint edge is arranged on one side of the waterproof coiled material, and the sand grain layer at the overlap joint edge is omitted. The cross-layer pressed film pre-laying waterproof coiled material is constructed by a pre-laying inverted adhesive process and can be closely adhered with post-cast concrete, a water channeling layer between a waterproof layer and a concrete structure is removed, the influence of ultraviolet rays and sediment pollution on adhesive property can be effectively resisted, bulking and wrinkling of the coiled material caused by change of day and night temperature differences can be avoided after the coiled material is constructed, laying is smooth, andthe overlap joint edge does not easily release. Compared with a traditional construction method, construction cost can be saved, a construction period can be shortened, and waterproof quality can be improved when the coiled material is used for waterproof construction of a pre-laying portion.

The invention relates to the field of water environment treatment conducted by microorganisms, in particular to a method for repairing sediment pollution in an open sea area or a deep freshwater area, a river mouth and the like. The method comprises the steps: loading a bacterial strain with zeolite, coating with a flocculating agent and putting the coated bacterial agent into a to-be-treated water area so as to repair sediment petroleum and organic pollutants in the water area. The method mainly aims at the seawater/freshwater area with the water depth being 2 to 50 meters and has a good effect of repairing the sediment petroleum pollution and other organic pollution. The method is integral in system and simple in operating method, has the remarkable effect of repairing the sediment, no secondary pollution and high offshore construction safety, and is particularly suitable the special-function sea areas such as a petroleum exploitation area and an aquaculture area, and can guide implementation of sea sediment pollution repair engineering.

The invention relates to a reservoir sediment pollution release simulation device. The device comprises a base; a vertical plate is arranged on the base; a plurality of lantern rings are arranged on the side wall of the vertical plate; a plurality of detachable cylinder bodies are arranged in the lantern rings in a sleeved mode; openings are formed in the top ends of the cylinder bodies; detachable cover bodies are arranged on the openings; each cover body is provided with a water injection port and a gas inlet; a hose extending into the bottom of the cylinder body is arranged in each water injection port; each gas inlet is communicated with a nitrogen balance gas bag; and a plurality of sampling ports are formed in the side wall of each cylinder body. The device has the advantages that stable and efficient pollutant release in an anaerobic or anoxic environment at the bottom of a natural reservoir can be accurately simulated.

The invention provides a lake sediment pollution remediation active material and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of lake sediment pollution remediation. The lake sediment pollution remediation active material provided by the invention is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of a molecular sieve, 40-50 parts of a weighting agent and 20-30 parts of a gel material. The prepared active material has a larger specific surface area, a rich pore structure, more oxygen-containing functional groups and larger cation exchange capacity, can more effectively inhibit release of N and P in bottom mud to overlying water, and reduces the content of biologically available As and Cd in river bottom mud.

The invention discloses sediment pollution blocking particles as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the particles, natural minerals such as gravels are used as framework materials, and expandable functional materials such as sodium bentonite are adhered to aggregate through an adhesive, so that the particles can quickly reach the surface layer of the bottom mud and absorb water to expand, and a continuous and highly impermeable isolating layer resistant to scouring of certain water flow is formed on the surface layer of the polluted bottom mud. The particles are combined with various covering materials to achieve oxidation reduction, supporting, blocking and protection effects respectively, and after the particles are laid in sequence, a stable composite covering layer is formed between muddy water. Polluted sediment is effectively prevented from releasing pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus to overlying water after covering, and benign improvement of water quality of a water body is promoted. AVS release and bottom mud gas production are effectively prevented, and the problems of black and odorous water body and mud cake caused by release of gas such as bottom mud AVS are solved. Heavy metals, POPs and the like are effectively prevented from migrating to overlying water, and the exposure risk of toxic pollutants is reduced.

The invention discloses a bottom mud pollution process and control intelligent simulation device and an experiment method, and relates to the technical field of bottom mud pollution experiments, the bottom mud pollution process and control intelligent simulation device comprises an experiment water tank, and the experiment water tank is connected with a water inlet tank and a backflow water tank; the system comprises a wave making system, an illumination system, a dosing system and an aeration system. The environment condition parameter on-line monitor can be used for measuring water body environment parameters on line; the on-line water quality index analyzer is used for monitoring water quality indexes of the water body in real time; the automatic water sample sampling device is used for automatically collecting a water sample according to a single-time or circulating mode; the off-line analyzer can be used for measuring the water quality index or sediment physicochemical index of the collected water sample; and the automatic control module is used for automatically controlling all the devices. The invention further provides an experimental method based on the bottom mud pollution process and control intelligent simulation device. The device has the characteristics of automation, visualization, intelligence, modularization and the like, and realizes simulation of multiple sediment/water interface nitrogen and phosphorus environmental processes and research and development verification of a sediment pollution control technology.

The invention relates to the technical field of water environment governance, and particularly discloses a point source area water body remediation material which is composed of porous ore and composite flora, the porous ore comprises zeolite, bacterial rings, bacterial balls, ceramic rings, white breathing rings, pelelith, medical stone, ammonia removal stone, red breathing rings, energy columns, mineral balls and hollow balls, and the composite flora is composed of porous ore and composite flora. The composite flora comprises saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus; the invention further discloses a point source area water body remediation process which comprises the steps of adding the porous ore and the compound microorganisms, oxygenating and aerating. The method has substantive features and remarkable progress, solves the problem of influence of the sediment pollution source on the water quality of the upper-layer water body, also has the characteristics of synchronously repairing the sediment, saving heavy labor force for dredging, saving funds, avoiding secondary pollution and the like, and is an efficient and clean good method for solving the sediment pollution.

The invention relates to the field of water body and sediment pollution treatment in environmental engineering, in particular to a method for controlling blackening and stinking of water bodies and sediments by sulfur control. Through comprehensive control of source-process-terminal on various forms of sulfur-containing compounds in the environment, the process that the water bodies and the sediments become black and stink is effectively controlled.

The invention discloses a river health assessment method for a sediment-laden river, and the method comprises the following specific steps: S1, determining a river evaluation unit, dividing the river evaluation unit into a plurality of evaluation river reaches according to the length of the evaluation unit, determining a river evaluation index system, and setting a score assignment standard; s2, index monitoring points are established according to the evaluation river reach, and data acquisition of river evaluation indexes is carried out; and S3, independently calculating each river evaluation index data according to the data acquired in the S2, and assigning scores to each index according to the score assigning standard in the S1. According to the river health assessment method, river health assessment is carried out by independently adopting the water quality superior and inferior index, the water body self-purification index and the sediment pollution index, the number of adopted indexes is small, but most necessary indexes needed by river health assessment are included, the adopted indexes are low in obtaining difficulty, the requirement for analysts is low, and the river health assessment method is more suitable for large-scale popularization.