The invention discloses a method and device for detecting data quality of data dependence. The method comprises the following steps: b, analyzing a reference file, judging levels of fields of the reference file according to the numbers, with different values, of the fields, and organizing the values of the fields into a tree structure of the reference file; c, receiving to-be-detected data, determining mappings between to-be-detected fields of the to-be-detected data and a reference level according to the names of the fields of the reference file and corresponding level information, and organizing the mappings into a tree structure of the to-be-detected fields; and d, traversing the tree structure of the reference file, searching values at corresponding positions of the tree structure of the to-be-detected fields and performing marking. The method comprises a reference file analysis unit, a data dependence rule definition unit and a data dependence rule check unit corresponding to the steps, respectively. In such way, the occurring sources of the errors can be correctly positioned in the check process, and the detection speed and efficiency can be greatly improved.