The invention is applicable to the field of data security, and provides a solid state hard disk data encryption and decryption method and a solid state hard disk system. The data encryption and decryption method comprises the following steps that a host computer generates a public key and private key pair (k1, k2) based on the asymmetrical encryption algorithm; the private key k2 is stored into a solid state hard disk, and the public key k1 is stored into the host computer; a secret key k3 based on the symmetrical encryption algorithm is generated at the host computer, and the secret key k3 is stored into the solid state hard disk after being signed and encrypted through the private key k2; during the system initialization, the host computer decrypts the secret key k3 encrypted by the private key k2 in the solid state hard disk through the public key k1, a plaintext secret key k3 is obtained, and the solid state hard disk realizes the encryption / decryption on data in the solid state disk through the plaintext secret key k3; when the system is powered off or the computer is powered off, the plaintext secret key k3 is deleted, and in addition, the plaintext secret key k3 cannot be accessed by other programs during the system operation. Therefore, the solid state hard disk data encryption and decryption method and the solid state hard disk system have the advantages that the data encryption intensity and the data security of the solid state hard disk can be improved, and in addition, the reading and writing performance of the solid state hard disk is ensured.